This pilot study looks at how the author proactively sought to mitigate the issue of cheating when giving online tests during the Spring 2021 semester, at a time when the COVID-19 pandemic forced many teachers around the world to use modalities that involved distance learning. The genesis, implementation and results of the strategy used during the…

This paper highlights as issues of concern the rapid changes in technology and the tendency to report on partial validation efforts where the work is not identified as forming part of a larger validation project. With close human supervision emerging technologies can have a significant and positive impact on language testing. While technology…

Background: COVID-19 has led to an unprecedented increase in the use of technology for teaching and learning in higher education institutions (HEIs), including in engineering, computing, and technology programs. Given the urgency of the situation, technologies were often implemented with a short-term rather than long-term view. Purpose: In this…

The COVID-19 shutdown of in-person university classrooms in Spring 2020 brought the question of how to conduct online examinations into urgent focus. Although, online education has been around since 1984 and online exams have been routinely built into online course syllabi, the mid-semester transition to online teaching confronted many instructors…

Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 and the resulting global pandemic has ushered in far-reaching changes for countries across the world, not least of which are changes to their education systems. With traditional location-based exams no longer possible at universities, the uptake of online proctored exams (OPE) has occurred at a pace not…

Online proctoring generally refers to the practice of proctors monitoring an exam over the internet, usually through a webcam. This technology has gained relevance during the current COVID-19 pandemic, given that the social distance owing to health reasons has consequently led to the switching of all learning and assessment activities to online…

COVID-19 global pandemic pushed a large number of higher educational institutions to use Online Proctored Exams (OPE) because of government-imposed lockdowns. Treating OPE as an educational technology innovation, we apply the diffusion of innovation theory in predicting factors affecting its adoption by university students which we believe is the…

During the COVID-19 pandemic, students, and teachers of the developing countries had to shift from the face-to-face traditional classroom to an e-learning environment, which elicited various reactions to teaching and learning. I conducted this research to understand how students perceived online learning and to share my reflexive experiences about…

Hailey Schnorr has spent years peering into the bedrooms, kitchens, and dorm rooms of students via Webcam. In her job proctoring online tests for universities, she has learned to focus mainly on students' eyes. Ms. Schnorr works for ProctorU, a company hired by universities to police the integrity of their online courses. ProctorU is part of a…

The aim of the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (iHSES) conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and connect with the leaders in the fields of "humanities," "education" and "social sciences." It is organized for: (1) faculty members in…

This proceedings volume of InCoTEPD 2018 covers many ideas for handling a wide variety of challenging issues in the field of education. The outstanding ideas dealing with these issues result in innovation of the system. There are many innovation strategies resulting from recent research that are discussed in this book. These strategies will become…

This study compared the impact of proctoring on the final course grades of community college students enrolled in distance education mathematics courses. The goal was to determine whether distance education students who are evaluated entirely online, in environments that are not proctored, receive grades that differ from distance education…

The current paper uses information obtained from teaching practices to conceptualize how computers might be used to enhance the supervision of graduate counselling students (herein called beginning counsellors). Using Hill and O'Grady's (1985) list of counsellor intentions, the author devised a computer program called "Counsellor Assisted…

Online learning is one of the most important topics in distance learning, but practitioners and researchers have experienced difficulty in defining the process. "Online Assessment and Measurement: Foundations and Challenges" approaches the topic by finding a common ground to properly analyze online assessment and measurement. "Online Assessment…