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Direct linkMori, Kazuo; Uchida, Akitoshi – Research in Education, 2012
Longitudinal change in the average Z scores for four groups of pupils sorted by quartiles was examined for its stability over three years. The data, collected from 1998 to 2009, was obtained from nine cohorts of Japanese junior high school pupils totaling 1,962 subjects. It showed illusionary declines among the mid-range pupils but improvements…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Junior High School Students, Cohort Analysis, Evaluation Problems
Rothstein, Richard – 1997
Available test score evidence does not support the common claim that student achievement has declined. On the other hand, the existing evidence cannot be used to prove that student achievement has risen. This paper offers reasons why student achievement in the past cannot be compared accurately with student achievement today: (1) tests, curricula,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Educational Assessment, Educational Testing, Elementary Secondary Education
