Taking exams by teams results in more group interaction with increased learning and reduction in anxiety. (Author/PG)

Sources of test bias are discussed and steps to prevent or reduce bias in tests are listed. Test bias can occur because of the way test materials are written, the conditions of administration, and the interpretations given the results. Steps to prevent or reduce bias arising in the test development process include: (1) using heterogeneous sets of…

The purpose of this project was to provide information on the appropriate uses of educational tests and interpretations of test results to citizen groups. The major audiences were parents, legislators, school board members, lawyers, journalists and others who would be interested in and profit from training related to educational testing. Nero and…

Historically, England's attempts at evaluation have been seen to distort educational aims within schools and have been rejected. (IRT)

A specified minimum performance level can be translated into a minimum passing score for the written test by measuring the performance of students whose written test scores are near the desired cutoff score. Stochastic approximation methods accomplish this purpose. The up-and-down method and the Robbins-Monro process are compared. (Author/RL)

Reviews research on whether students should change answers or let first answers stand on objective tests. Finds that the odds are over two to one that a student's score will be raised, rather than lowered, if he or she changes answers. Offers three suggestions for improving students' test-taking strategies. (SR)

Provides a brief historical review of construct validity and discusses the current state of validity theory, emphasizing the role of arguments in validation. Examines the application of an argument-based approach with regard to the distinction between performance-based and theory-based interpretations and the role of consequences in validation.…

Highlights some of the major questions facing the measurement community in deciding how to conceptualize validity in the revised "Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing" of the American Association for Educational Research, the American Psychological Association, and the National Council on Measurement in Education. Focuses…

All children born in Manitoba in 1984 were tracked for 18 years to assess their grade-12 performance on a provincial examination according to a student's socio-economic status. The proportion of youths in families receiving social assistance judged to have passed their language arts exam dropped from 80 per cent to 12 per cent, depending on…

For decades Japan has remained at or near the top of international assessments of student learning; and in the past decade, students in Japan have become more engaged in learning. However, the government aspires to improve learning outcomes even further. "Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for…

An indispensable part of any curriculum design in an educational setting is the analysis of the needs of the learners involved in the context. The needs can be addressed from different perspectives. Among them, the learners' needs in terms of their perceptions toward what constitute learning/teaching and testing processes are of prominent values.…