The integration of wearables in education environments to enhance teaching and learning is an emerging area of research. However, many studies lack the rigor of formal research designs and results are inconclusive. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the overall effect of wearable use on learning and motivation outcomes and describe…

Currently, the research on the overall effect of flipped instruction on K-12 students' academic achievement has been insufficient, especially across various subject areas and grade levels. To redress this research gap, this study first synthesised five aspects of research on flipped instruction, including theoretical underpinnings, application…

Signals (or cues) are added to multimedia learning materials to guide learners' attention to critical elements of the materials. Yet, research on signaling has produced mixed findings on learning outcomes. On the one hand, some studies have reported positive effects of signaling on the performance of learning outcomes (e.g., Jamet in Hum Behav…

In this synthesis, we systematically review research on educational games with adaptivity. Although an adaptive gaming experience provides personalization to learning, the complexity of design makes it difficult to evaluate its effectiveness. In this systematic review, we adopt three analytic approaches: (1) bibliometric analysis, (2) qualitative…

Despite the rapid development of the field of Mobile-assisted Language Learning (MALL), research synthesis and systematic meta-analyses on MALL are still lacking. It remains unclear how effective mobile devices are for language learning under different conditions. Review studies on the overall effectiveness of the latest smart mobile devices are…

Gamification research in educational settings has produced mixed results on student learning outcomes. Educational researchers and practitioners both struggle with identifying when, where, and how to use gamification design concepts. The present study provides findings from a meta-analysis that integrated the empirical, quantitative research on…

This meta-analysis employs a theoretical framework in quantitatively synthesizing empirical studies that investigate the effects of distance education (DE) versus classroom instruction on undergraduate student achievement. Analyses of 218 findings from 103 studies were conducted according to how media were used to support DE pedagogy. The results…