Annual data covering the years 1948-81 are analyzed using the technique of discriminant analysis to test for differences in the inflation and unemployment rates during election as opposed to nonelection years and under Democratic as opposed to Republican administrative leadership. (Author/RM)

The authors discuss the results of a survey which collected data on female candidacy for city council offices and on election victories. Questionnaires were mailed to 838 U.S. cities with a population of 25,000 or more. (Author/RM)

This research examines the influences of urbanization, of social diversity within congressional districts, and of voter turnout on competition in U.S. elections. (Author/RM)

Research results showed that district elections, rather than elections at large, improved the opportunity for equitable Black Representation on city councils. (RM)

Fourteen states were examined with time-series regression analysis from 1946 to 1980. The analysis determined that unemployment and inflation do not adversely affect the incumbent party's vote for governor. These findings contrast with economic effects found at the congressional and presidential levels. (Author)

Voter participation in Florida school board elections is much higher than in states where reforms were instituted in the early twentieth century to depoliticize local educational governance. These reforms served to repress participation in local elections. (Author/IS)

The decline in voting participation in American presidential elections since 1960 is also characteristic of both congressional off-year and gubernatorial elections. But the rate of decline varies greatly among the various states. Demographic variables explain only a few of these differences. Some possible explanations are presented. (Author/RM)

Examines the effect of reformed governmental structures (nonpartisan election, city manager government, at-large elections) on the representation afforded to blacks on city councils in 243 central cities. Finds that at-large elections prevent blacks from achieving representation commensurate to their numbers in the population. (Author)

Examines the impact of local governmental structural arrangements (plan of council member election and size of the council) on the representation of blacks and hispanics. Two features of the municipal reform movement, at-large elections and small city councils, appear to adversely affect the equity of the minority groups' representation.…

Examines seven types of city election plans within 243 United States central cities to determine if their procedures create inequity in minority group representation. Finds that all plans underrepresent minorities but that more significant factors affecting representation include educational background, income, regional location, and age of city.…

Explores the impact of electoral institutions and selection procedures on the equity of black school-board representation in 43 large American cities. (Author)

Summarizes five research studies about urban political structure and its relation to city policy and minority representation. See SO 506 435-439 for annotations of the five studies. (AV)

Arkansas passed a law requiring Bible reading in public schools in 1930, two years after passing an antievolution act. Votes on both measures, which were the result of initiatives, are compared to explain the forces that produced them. The source of support of fundamentalism is traditional southern religious attitudes. (Author/IS)

Asserts that majority rule in a democratic society follows a cyclical pattern. Discusses the paradox between the concept of majority rule and protection of the rights of voting minorities. Compares the difficulty of achieving democracy to that of achieving justice through jury trials. (CFR)

Examines the effect that the presence of national elections has on government respect for a category of human rights known as physical integrity rights. Analyzes 74 countries at three points in time (1981, 1984, and 1987). Finds that the presence of national elections has no effect on government respect for physical integrity rights. (CMK)