Collaborative engagement is a quality that contributes successful learning by examining social interactions among students. In natural contexts, online collaborative learning is an evolving process that is subject to fluctuation in how students engage in social interactions. However, few studies have explored the interplay and intertwining of…

Collaboration scripts are widely employed in online collaborative learning to enhance student engagement and facilitate collaboration. However, the optimal level of scripting remains a subject of debate. This study aims to address this issue by designing and developing different types of collaborative scripts implemented through conversational…