The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the integration of goal-based scenario (GBS) approach into a block-based coding instruction. Scratch platform was used to find out the effects of GBSs on programming skills of students, who did not have any programming experience. GBSs were used during practice and the development in students'…

Previous research has invested much effort in understanding how programming can contribute to the development of young learners' computational thinking (CT) in traditional K-12 classroom settings. Relatively few studies have examined programming for CT in informal online communities, especially for large scale quantitative research. With the…

The COVID-19 pandemic raised the need to examine online learning methods also in young children. This study examined elementary school children's performance and attitudes during and toward an online programming learning activity utilizing the pair-programming Agile method that may foster 21st-century skills, including collaboration and…

Due to swift technological changes in society, programming tasks are proliferating in formal and informal education around the globe. However, challenges arise regarding the acquisition of programming skills. Many students are unequipped to develop programming skills due to limited instruction or background and therefore feel insecure when…

The educational process increasingly shifts towards the use of digital technologies every year. The change refers to all forms of education, namely primary, secondary, and higher. Hence, the possibility of interaction between higher and primary schools in the new conditions is of interest nowadays. The research paper aimed to assess the effect of…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) education in primary schools has received a great deal of attention globally, and it is thus important to investigate primary school students' perceptions and understanding of AI learning. Therefore, in this study, 673 drawings of conceptions of AI learning by third to sixth grade students were collected. Firstly, a…

We designed, developed, and researched a virtual and in-person curriculum for how to explore computational thinking using dance choreography, focused on engaging upper elementary and middle school girls. However, this paper explores our observations and interactions with our young participants who identified as boys through a series of vignettes.…

Online professional learning experiences can address K¬--12 computing teachers' need for content knowledge and professional communities. However, it can be difficult to design effective, large-scale experiences that reach broader audiences while addressing individual teachers' professional needs. We facilitated a two-week online professional…

This study aimed to explain the development stages of an online coding application engine (SIGUN) according to the R2D2 instructional design model to support and develop cultural transfer in social sciences education and popularize the national culture. During the definition phase of R2D2, analyzes of needs, learner, task and content were made. In…

Designing programmed technological solutions (PTS) with programming materials has become a way to contextualise educational content related to PTS and programming. However, studies show that pupils have difficulties conceptualising central phenomena involved in the process, which affects their ability to design PTS. In order to understand these…

Ed+gineering, an NSF-funded program, adapted hands-on robotics instruction for online delivery in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative multiple case study shares the experiences of participating education students in spring 2021 as they collaborated virtually with engineering students and fifth graders to engineer bioinspired robots…

Purpose: While it is particularly important that professional programs help teachers become members of a community of practice, especially in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a lack of research about strategies to effectively encourage the development of a community of practice and to support teachers' transformation of…

Prior work has shown a lack of quality professional development (PD) programs specifically targeted for early elementary teachers to improve their knowledge and self-efficacy around teaching coding in their classrooms. Whereas traditional PD programs in this area have relied upon in-person workshops, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the need to…

Educational Technology is the right couple to a radical innovation. Thanks to the appropriate technology in the right context with the best fit to the target audience, education can be drastically improved, meaning a better performance, competence achievement, match with the user's expectations and with the market needs. Serious games, Virtual…

Teaching computer coding to children from a young age provides with them a competitive advantage for the future in a continually changing workplace. Programming strengthens logical and critical thinking as well as problem-solving skills, which lead to creative solutions for today's problems. The Little Programmer is an application for mobile…