The use of traditional and smart phone flashcards was examined in two Introductory Psychology college classes. Student use of flashcards of some type increased significantly when they were provided by the instructor. Flashcards available via smartphone app were not used by many students even when provided by the instructor. The results are…

Because the transition to a knowledge-based economy requires an educated workforce, colleges and universities have made retention of students--particularly those who are academically underprepared--an institutional priority. College completion leads to economic and social advancement for students and is also critical to the nation's economic and…