This article aimed to explore which factors caused Thai learners' anxiety in an online Chinese course provided by Chinese universities, how Chinese proficiency affected online learning anxiety, and how online learning anxiety influences learning engagement. The participants, i.e., learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL), completed the…

The present study employed virtual reality technology to develop online learning environments that facilitated student cultural and self-directed learning. Junior high school participants engaged in creating virtual tours, sharing them with peers online, and implementing self-directed learning strategies. A one-group posttest-only design was…

The field of autonomous language learning in second language acquisition has experienced significant growth since its introduction by Holec in the 1980s. Several studies have explored how to promote learning autonomy in various spaces, including online learning environments. However, research related to autonomous language learning in online…

This paper describes a Capability Approach analysis of the capabilities, functionings, and conversion factors reported by learners on workplace-based mobile language learning courses. The study used secondary data from student satisfaction surveys from 556 learners who were all recent migrants to the US and who were using the courses to study…

The development of new forms of technology has resulted in new methodologies and approaches in pedagogical practices, particularly within the field of foreign language education. This is especially useful in foreign language teaching because it allows students geographically distant to interact remotely. Moreover, the integration of task-based and…

Background Study: English education has been promoted in Taiwan for many years. Recently, content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has received attention as an effective way to integrate English into real-life contexts. With advances in technology, digital storytelling is suitable for students to develop multiple skills such as narrating…

Aiming to investigate how English as a Foreign Language (EFL) college students developed learning strategies to improve oral presentation, this study involved fifty participants in negotiation of meaning (NoM) with peer feedback and assessment through telecollaboration. The participants were randomly assigned to the control (28 students) and…

Online education has significantly gained popularity due to new technology and more importantly, the growing impact of the digitalization of the economy. Despite its prominent advantages such as accessibility, affordability and flexibility, the effectiveness of online education is still a constant debate and needs extensive investigations in…

This research explores intralinguistic communicative mediation in an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) online journal writing to enhance professional development through the co-construction of meaning. It accentuates research gaps specific to learning English in the field of law under the approach of collaborative Computer Assisted Language…

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, we continue to take stock of student learning. Although the "crisis-context" (Gacs et al., 2020) move to fully online instruction may be over, a complete understanding of how student outcomes have been impacted remains. The present study focuses on how students' Spanish language proficiency, as…

The purpose of this quantitative, meta-analysis was to discover what differences in effect size exist among strategies used in face-to-face settings and/or digital teaching and learning platforms to achieve communicative competence in foreign language learners. After strategies with the largest effect sizes were identified, results were…

The development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and its associated tools has revolutionised the learning and use of foreign languages (L2). One such tool is machine translation (MT), which has become increasingly popular among university students worldwide, spurring research on MT use in L2 writing. However, previous research has…

Digital divides mean that marginalized groups such as adults who speak English as a second or other language (ESOL) are less likely to have access to online instruction. Higher levels of English proficiency are associated with better health and employment; therefore, access to ESOL classes is essential. We investigated how sociodemographics and…

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of mobile applications in conjunction with the students' online collaboration in the educational environment of Chinese colleges (the context of learning English). The students were selected from all those who study English in their educational programs. At the first stage, they passed a…

Digital reading facilitates L2 development by allowing anytime-anywhere learning with various digital resources. Although there has been increasing research exploring the role of digital reading on L2 vocabulary learning, synthesized evidence regarding the overall facilitating power of digital reading is still lacking. This meta-analysis…