Development of the relation between skills of visual and auditory pattern classification was studied at the second grade, sixth grade, and adult age levels using visual and auditory representations of the same abstract information. Results showed evidence of common processing of pattern class structure for the modalities, patterns, prototypes, and…

Two experiments, using pictorial or verbal stimuli, were designed to test encoding among young children and adults. In both experiments, results indicated progressively smaller encoding specificity effects with increasing age. Comparisons of recall patterns were conducted to ensure that encoding differences accounted for results. (Author/DB)

Observational, exploratory and verbal learning, and verbal and imaginal processes of Pueblo Indian children were compared with those of non-Indian (Anglo and Chicano) children. Both Pueblo and non-Indian adults and children were observed, interviewed, and asked to carry out various tasks. The children attended either a Tanoan or a Keresan day…