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Williams, Tannis MacBeth; Aiken, Leona S. – Developmental Psychology, 1977
Development of the relation between skills of visual and auditory pattern classification was studied at the second grade, sixth grade, and adult age levels using visual and auditory representations of the same abstract information. Results showed evidence of common processing of pattern class structure for the modalities, patterns, prototypes, and…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Auditory Perception, Classification

Reddington, John M.; Cameron, Kel D. – International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 1991
This study of visual and auditory problems in 17 children (ages 7-10) with dyslexia concluded that, although eye tracking and binocular fusion problems should always be considered in the assessment of dyslexics, factors involved in information processing in auditory and visual perception appear to be more highly implicated. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Classification, Cognitive Processes, Diagnostic Tests

Shepp, Bryan E.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1987
Investigates multiple trends in perceptual development of kindergarten, second grade, and fifth grade children who performed a speeded card sorting task with spatially integrated versus spatially separated dimensions. Results strongly support the hypothesis that there are developmental differences in perceived structure as well as ability to…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Attention, Classification, Elementary Education
Swinton, Spencer S.; And Others – 1977
The longitudinal interrelations among age, visual and auditory short-term memory, and the concrete operational tasks of class inclusion and combinatorial reasoning were investigated over four testing occasions in a sample of 134 students, initially ranging from 5 to 12 years in age. The Piagetian task battery involved placement of colored…
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Classification, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Measurement

Smith, Linda B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1981
The hypothesis that overall-similarity relations structure both adults' and children's classifications of heterogeneous objects (objects that differ in a variety of ways) was supported in two experiments. When objects varied simultaneously on many dimensions, adults and children constructed classifications that maximized within-category similarity…
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Dimensional Preference

Braund, Martin – Journal of Biological Education, 1991
Alternative classifications commonly used by children aged 12, 14, and 15 are presented. Why children use such alternatives is discussed. Age- and gender-related trends in performance on classification tasks is examined. Children's attitudes to classification and their perceptions of its usefulness in school and everyday contexts are reviewed. (KR)
Descriptors: Animals, Biology, Classification, Elementary Education

Ruskin, Ellen M.; Kaye, Daniel B. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1990
A study involving elementary school students in three age groups examined two explanations for the finding that young children tend to classify objects according to similarity relations, whereas adults emphasize dimensional structure. Results countered the view that children perceive objects according to a more primitive holistic structure. (RH)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Classification, Cognitive Processes, Elementary Education
Equivalence Reliability among the FITNESSGRAM[R] Upper-Body Tests of Muscular Strength and Endurance
Sherman, Todd; Barfield, J. P. – Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 2006
This study was designed to investigate the equivalence reliability between the suggested FITNESSGRAM[R] muscular strength and endurance test, the 90[degrees] push-up (PSU), and alternate FITNESSGRAM[R] tests of upper-body strength and endurance (i.e., modified pull-up [MPU], flexed-arm hang [FAH], and pull-up [PU]). Children (N = 383) in Grades 3…
Descriptors: Muscular Strength, Classification, Item Analysis, Kinesthetic Perception

Bergeron, Betty S.; Barrow, Lloyd H. – Science and Children, 1983
Describes a series of exercises designed to develop student's perceptual skills and to improve the processes of comparing, describing, and developing subsets. Includes suggestions for adapting the exercises into science lessons, providing tips for developing each into complete units. Units include human-made objects, leaves, shells, rocks, and…
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Elementary Education

Sagi, Abraham – Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1979
Findings of this Israeli study suggest that perception is affected by lables, learning, and selective attention; that these effects are determined developmentally; and that as age increases, the effects of verbal cues diminish, while the effects of perceptual cues increase. (Author/DLS)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Attention, Child Development, Classification
Anziano, Michael C.; Keenan, Verne – 1985
Two experiments with 167 first-, third-, and fifth-grade children revealed age-related changes in the composition of natural categories. Categorization was investigated via perceptual similarities of objects and conceptual similarities of superordinate classes. The free-classification paradigm (Garner, 1974) was adapted to natural categories,…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Classification, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation
Gowie, Cheryl J. – 1976
Children's expectations regarding the roles played in society by different groups of people have been shown to significantly affect their comprehension of sentences. This paper reports on a study designed to examine the way children's expectations affect the strategies they employ in two tasks tapping the organization of the semantic system. Sixty…
Descriptors: Association Measures, Association (Psychology), Childhood Attitudes, Classification

Cook, Gregory L.; Odom, Richard D. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1988
Two experiments investigated perceptual primacy of dimensional and similarity relations in stimulus classifications of younger and older subjects. Results support a differential-sensitivity view of perceptual development which asserts that individuals at all ages primarily perceive and use separate relations. (RWB)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Classification, Comparative Testing, Early Childhood Education