This paper presents an updated WWC (What Works Clearinghouse) Review of the Article "Culture and the Interaction of Student Ethnicity with Reward Structure in Group Learning". The study examined the effects of different reward systems used in group learning situations on the math skills of African-American and White students. The…

Tabulation of addition and multiplication fact frequencies in arithmetic texts for grades one through six showed that large facts, with operands larger than five, occurred only half as frequently as those with operands in the two-to-five range. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (MKR)

Provides an alternative to traditional instruction in multiplication and division to develop computational fluency in students. (Author/NB)

The study involving 183 learning disabled and 852 nondisabled children (grades 3 through 6), investigated students' performance on arithmetic basic fact problems in addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Three separate group administered tests were devised, covering 98 basic addition, 98 subtraction, and 98 multiplication facts. Children were…

Two games and one activity designed to be used with a hand-held calculator are presented. (MK)

A method of multiplying using fingers is described and an explanation given. The method is then generalized to other number bases. (MP)

Directions are given for preparing a puzzle that may be used to provide practice in computation. (MP)

A learning disabled student was drilled on multiplication facts, with records of his performance used to help him reach mastery. A sequence in which the 0 facts, 1 facts, etc., are taught is used. (MNS)

Focuses on children making sense of multiplication. In an activity called "Silent Multiplication," students use what they know about easier multiplication problems to solve increasingly difficult, related problems mentally. (Author/NB)

The "count-by" technique of multiplication was taught to a fourth grade student with learning disabilities. The student learned to count by numbers not typically taught (e.g., fours, sevens, and eights). The method resulted in substantial increases in correct multiplications performed per minute, which were maintained and generalized to…

Allowing students to examine different ways of performing an operation is suggested as a means of increasing their understanding. (MP)

Discussed the use of Cuisenaire rods in teaching the multiplication of fractions. Considers whole number times proper fraction, proper fraction multiplied by proper fraction, mixed number times proper fraction, and mixed fraction multiplied by mixed fractions. (JN)

This study compares a pencil-and-paper drill strategy with a calculator drill strategy in facilitating the learning of multiplication facts. The results suggest pencil-and-paper drill is more effective. (MK)

The multiplication and division algorithms that are taught in German schools are presented. It is suggested that these algorithms may be better than standard algorithms in terms of development of useful concepts and processes. (MK)

Using factoring as an aid to mental multiplication is illustrated. Other suggestions for teaching mental computation are also included. (MNS)