A study of two separate models which implicitly explain the underachievement of Maori pupils indicates that there is a generalized (or generalizing) factor affecting the performance of Maori children as a whole despite environmental differences. These environmental differences have a relatively strong effect on Pakeha children. (Author/EB)

The relative influence of scholastic achievement, intelligence, athletic ability, and ethnic origin on the formation of friendships among pupils in two Israel elementary schools was explored. The most important factor was found to be similar academic achievement, followed by intelligence and athletic achievement. (Authors/PP)

Three measures of field dependence were used to determine whether: (1) Mexican American students are more field dependent than Anglo Americans; (2) intercorrelations between the tests are significant and comparable for both cultures; and (3) field dependence significantly affects academic performance. These assumptions were generally not…

Discusses how human differences alter results of intelligence tests from industrialized nations to nonindustrialized nations. Intelligence testing research in Africa is reviewed. (Author/DB)