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Direct linkGoldman, Susan R.; Lee, Carol D. – Elementary School Journal, 2014
Standards for literacy in the twenty-first century raise the bar on the complexity of texts and the tasks for which they are used. The strengths and limitations of contemporary approaches to text complexity are discussed with respect to major points raised in the six articles in this special issue. In addition, four features of text that are of…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Readability, Readability Formulas, Reader Text Relationship
Stahl, Katherine A. Dougherty – Reading Teacher, 2012
Challenging texts can be made accessible to students by increasing the level of instructional scaffolding. This article describes evidence-based models of shared reading that support reading development across the elementary years. Shared Reading Experience (Holdaway, 1982), Fluency-Oriented Reading Instruction (Stahl & Heubach, 2005),…
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Reading Instruction, Models, Protocol Analysis
Hiebert, Elfrieda H.; Mesmer, Heidi Anne E. – Educational Researcher, 2013
The Common Core Standards for the English Language Arts (CCSS) provide explicit guidelines matching grade-level bands (e.g., 2-3, 4-5) with targeted text complexity levels. The CCSS staircase accelerates text expectations for students across Grades 2-12 in order to close a gap in the complexity of texts typically used in high school and those of…
Descriptors: Core Curriculum, State Standards, Alignment (Education), Grade 2
