This study documents the kinds of planning that teachers engage in before a lesson begins and identifies differences in planning procedures between teachers. The subjects were 40 second- and fifth-grade teachers in California including 20 teachers with high average pupil gain scores and 20 teachers with low average pupil gain scores. The teachers…

Comments of experienced teachers suggest that writing may be avoided in school not simply because of its inherent difficulty, but because its undertaking typically lacks connection to anything else in the lives of students or teachers. It is possible that teachers can best serve the acquisition of writing skills by structuring the social occasions…

This guide provides a framework for creating and using learning centers to meet specific classroom goals, and presents ideas for topics and activities. The first part of the guide: (1) explains what learning centers are and how they are used within classrooms; (2) provides design options for the classroom; (3) suggests ways in which to schedule…

A study was conducted at a new elementary school in central Virginia to investigate influences on teachers' choices of seating arrangements and to determine the best seating arrangement to use. Four classroom teachers, each with an average class size of 20 students, volunteered to be observed and interviewed. The teachers taught at different grade…