Some students can perform operations on fractions when using physical materials, but are unable to transfer this ability to operations with symbolic expressions. They seem to view the manipulative and paper-and-pencil problems as different and are not surprised to get different answers. (SD)

In this research monograph, several areas of disparity between child and adult grammar are examined to discover at what ages the child, who is on the border of adult language competence, achieves a certain mastery of complex syntactic structures. Chapters include (1) a discussion of current notions on the nature of the linguistic process and a…