In a free-recall task, sixth graders were given instructions to rehearse aloud either actively or passively and were exposed to materials which differed in terms of the presumed salience of the list organization. Results showed that recall varied as a function of list organization under both types of rehearsal. (Author/JMB)

Second and fourth graders studied a 40-word list under various task conditions designed to induce differential depth of encoding of the individual items. In a subsequent free- recall task, the depth of encoding manipulation affected the fourth graders' performance more than the second graders' performance. (JMB)

Students in grades 4, 6, and 8 were required to indicate whether or not a stimulus word belonged in either of two semantic categories that were held in memory. Results indicated that even for the youngest children semantically similar categories required less search time than dissimilar categories. (GO)

Reports on two experiments that investigated sex differences in the use of organization strategies in free recall with categorizable and unrelated word lists across age in elementary school. Shows sex differences were pronounced across the ages tested and consistent with principles of strategy development, with males showing a developmental lag in…

The relationship between categorical organization and recall for children in grades 2, 4, and 6 and for adults was investigated using the sorting-recall procedure. (MP)

Two types of serial word recall tasks (full verbal recall and probed recall) were administered to 11 children with language impairment and 22 controls matched for productive language or age. The only significant group differences were in the full list recall condition, in which subjects' performance was significantly worse than controls. (Contains…

Two experiments examined immediate and long-term serial list learning effects for common nouns for 42 fifth graders. Results provide additional evidence that long-term forgetting may be greater for learners who receive mnemonic instruction than for untrained controls, in spite of some immediate enhanced recall. (SLD)

The hypothesis that variation in accessibility of categorical knowledge affects its use as an organizational device was tested in this experiment using 36 second graders and 36 fifth graders from a middle-class community within San Diego, California. The students memorized each of two lists of words that differed in category representativeness.…

The Wickens release from proactive interference (RIP) short-term memory technique was used to study encoding with functional categories by 7-, 10-, and 19-year-old male and female subjects. (CM)

In this pilot study, the effect of experimenter cuing on recall and organization of response was analyzed and compared between subjects identified as learning disabled with an isolated memory impairment (LDMI), learning disabled without an isolated memory impairment (LDO), and normal controls (N). Six subjects were selected for each group after…

The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of the dual coding hypothesis to children's recall performance. The hypothesis predicts that visual interference will have a small effect on the recall of visually presented words or pictures, but that acoustic interference will cause a decline in recall of visually presented words and…