Which elementary reading approaches have been proven to help struggling readers to succeed? To find out, this review summarizes evidence on six types of programs designed to improve the reading achievement of children having difficulty in learning to read: (1) One-to-One Tutoring by Teachers (TT) such as "Reading Recovery," "Auditory…

Results of a comparison of individual and couplet instruction with 4 autistic children (5-6 years old) indicated that couplet training had a disruptive effect for 2 Ss compared to one-to-one instruction. One child learned responses faster when provided with couplet than individual training. The 4th child displayed little differences between the…

States that small-group instruction has been used for many years, but introducing cooperation into small groups of learners has given a new twist to an old strategy. Reviews the literature and research on cooperative learning in the context of mathematics instruction and explains what it is, how to implement it, and when to use it. (Author)

To be effective in providing a writing literacy program, regardless of communication approaches, educators should establish program-wide conditions that promote English writing literacy over time. The researcher's purpose for this study was to identify shared characteristics of writing intervention programs in three different communication school…

An examination was conducted by a teacher who was interested in how the responses of three multihandicapped students (7-8 years old) differed in one-to-one and one-to-three instructional arrangements given (1) the physical limitations of the students; (2) an activity that demanded much physical prompting; and (3) limited instructional resources.…

This article examines some British classroom studies and raises further research questions on small group instruction (SGI) as a teaching tool. Considered are teachers' use of SGI; its efficacy for cognitive, language, and social development; and student-to-student interaction patterns in relation to seating, sex, and ability mix. (SJL)

Initiated in the fall of 1965 in an effort to raise the reading and language levels of skill-deficient students in grades two through six, the Hartford, Connecticut, Intensive Reading Instructional Team (IRIT) program has proven its effectiveness, and has been expanded through Title I funding. Each year, three groups of 45 students are selected to…

The later effects of the Direct Instruction Follow Through program were assessed in five diverse sites in the United States. Low income fifth and sixth graders who had completed the full 3 years of this first through third-grade program were tested on the Metropolitan Achievement Test (MAT), Intermediate Level, and the Wide Range Achievement Test…

The Mathematics Skills Improvement Project of the Cleveland Public Schools is designed to serve pupils in grades 3-6 (grades 3-8 in nonpublic schools) who have difficulty in acquiring basic math skills. The project provides daily remedial instruction in specially equipped math labs on an individual and small-group basis. Additional project…

A study evaluated the Title 1 Reading Program that served 5,298 underachieving pupils in grades 1 through 8 in the Columbus, Ohio, public schools. The program provided service to 76 public elementary schools, 24 public middle schools, and 14 nonpublic schools. Program teachers provided small group instruction to strengthen reading skills in grades…

A study evaluated the Title 1 Reading Program that served 3,944 underachieving pupils in grades 1 through 8 in the Columbus, Ohio, public schools. The program provided service to 62 public elementary schools, 22 public middle schools, and 10 nonpublic schools. Program teachers provided small group instruction to strengthen reading skills in grades…

This reaction paper presented at a conference on compensatory education begins with reviews of three studies prepared for the program and staffing session of the conference and dealing respectively with student-to-instructor ratios, instructional setting, and summer programs. The paper then presents the view that huge gains in achievement will not…

Designed to serve newly arrived, immigrant pupils in the Cleveland Public Schools, the English-as-a-Second-Language project aims to help participants acquire enough English proficiency for adequate functioning. The project uses a pull-out model in which, for about 30 minutes daily, small groups of students are given additional reading, language,…