Four series of self-instructional elementary multiplication lessons were developed and tested on first-, second-, and third-grade students. The series were: (1) deductive-concrete, (2) deductive-pictorial, (3) inductive-concrete, and (4) inductive-pictorial. Students were given pretests and posttests and a retention test on the objectives of the…

Experiment 1 compared 6- and 8-year-old boys in inter- and intramodal matching of fast or slow spatiotemporal patterns with long or short interpattern intervals. Experiment 2 made the same comparisons for 7- and 9-year-old boys using temporal patterns. (Author/JMB)

To determine if the modality in which children represent information in memory influences the process by which problems are solved, problem-solving strategy of deaf and hearing 10-year-old children was compared on a concept-discovery task. (JMB)

Analogous auditory and visual central-incidental learning tasks were administered to 24 second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade and college-age subjects to study the effects of modality of presentation on memory for central and incidental stimulus materials. (Author/SB)