In Australia, languages education in early childhood and primary education includes three main approaches: transitional, enrichment and full bilingual programmes. This article proposes that transitional and enrichment programmes in Australia are constituted and shaped by competing and contested institutional, material, discursive and economic…

Two studies investigated the intrinsic and contextual difficulties of English spelling for native Haitian Creole-speaking children (NHCSs), and the effect of phonemic awareness on the achievement on beginning spellers. Each study had 20 NHCS kindergarten children as subjects. In the first, the subjects were trained in English phonemics (blending,…

Three Southeast Asian teachers, one from Vietnam, one from Cambodia, and one from Thailand, develop curriculum materials for native language instruction for students in Project LOWELL, the Lowell (MA) Public Schools transitional program for limited English speaking Asian refugee children. Their duties and the importance of them are discussed. (PS)

A study evaluated two El Paso, Texas bilingual education program types, including a state-mandated transitional model (n=18 schools, 5,607 students) and a bilingual immersion program (n=19 schools, 4,717 students). Both programs are designed so students will exit after grade 4, but some continue in grades 5 and 6. Student characteristics are…

In 1986-87, the Austin Independent School District (AISD) served 4,143 students with limited English proficiency (LEP) through two programs: transitional bilingual education (TBE) programs and English as a second language (ESL) programs. TBE is available to Spanish speakers in grades pre-kindergarten through 8 and to Vietnamese speakers in grades…

Describes Project LOWELL, a K-8 bilingual education program developed by Lowell (MA) Public Schools to cope with the dramatic influx of Southeast Asian pupils since 1979. Discusses five project areas: instruction, curriculum development and coordination, staff development and training, parent and community involvement, and dissemination. Issues of…

This paper examines the negotiations that occur in a specific educational setting when traditional student placement practices are challenged and redesigned in an effort to better meet the needs of English language learners. The settings for these negotiations is an elementary school where over 90 percent of the students are native English…

The Native Language Reading Approach Program of the New York City Public Schools was developed as an on-site, demonstration training program for teachers and teacher aides involved in helping students to transfer reading skills from their native language to English. As implemented in 1980-1981, the program served teachers/teaching aides of…

A structured immersion program, coupled with an effective curriculum and empirically validated teaching procedure, was offered to elementary Asian students entering a California school. This approach appeared to have significantly better results, and its effects were maintained for up to two years after completion. (LMO)

Despite claims that structured immersion programs for language minority students cannot work for low-income students, two immersion projects with low-income Hispanic and Asian children worked; their effects appeared to endure even after students entered the mainstream. (BJV)

This report presents an evaluation of the Transitional Intervention Program (Project TIP), an Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title VII-funded project in its second year of operation at Public Schools 33 and 85 in the Bronx, New York. The project served a total of 383 students of limited English proficiency in grades one through five.…

This report presents an evaluation of the Transitional Bilingual Education Project (TBEP), an Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title VII-funded project in its third year of operation at P.S. 9 and P.S. 133 in Brooklyn, New York. The project served 128 limited English proficient students, focusing on the provision of structured English and…

This report presents an evaluation of the Excellence and Success through Career Understanding and Enriched Language Activities (Project ESCUELA), an Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title VII-funded project in its second year of operation at five schools in Brooklyn, New York. The project served 415 Spanish-speaking and 178 Yiddish-speaking…