The time at which component skills are taught is studied to see whether it is a significant instructional variable. This research involved the instruction of a multiplication algorithm to 15 below-average first graders. (MP)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a student's confidence in his computational procedures for each of the four basic arithmetic operations and the student's achievement on computation problems. All of the students in grades 5 through 8 in one school system (a total of 6186 students) were given a questionnaire to…

Boys' and girls' achievement in arithmetic computation was compared with their feelings of self-confidence in performing computations. A total of 2654 girls and 2786 boys from grades 5 through 8 in one school system participated. Each student was given a test to assess the degree of self-confidence in methods of performing the four basic…

A previous study had confirmed that a substantial number of low achievers in grades 5 through 8 had high algorithmic confidence in each of the four arithmetic operations with whole numbers. The purpose of the present study was to follow up the results through interviewing low achievement-high confidence students in order to ascertain if they…

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the level of conservation of displaced volume and the degree to which sixth-grade children learn the volume algorithm of a cuboid, namely, volume equals weight times length times height. The problem chosen is based on an apparent discrepancy between the present school programs and…