Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) represents a significant innovation in education because it is one of the first successful operations of individualized instruction on a systematic basis throughout an entire school from kindergarten through sixth grade. The aim of IPI is to have the student regularly experience successful learning so that…

Evaluated was the effectiveness of the materials of one book, "Charting the Universe," of the six books that comprise the University of Illinois Elementary Science Project. Five hypotheses were tested, including one related to students' general understanding of science, and another related to students' views of astronomy, arithmetic,…

Presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Chicago, Illinois, February, 1968

Reviewed are the contributions of Gerald Spellman Craig to the field of elementary school science. Included are Craig's viewpoints on criteria to be used in selecting natural science objectives, examples of general and specific objectives that fit each of the criteria, and his ideas about content, its organization, and sequencing. (CS)

This is a report of the science program under development by the Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) project. IPI is developing several elementary curricula (e.g. reading, mathematics) as well as science, and all are characterized by six IPI individualization goals: (a) every student makes regular progress towards mastery of instructional…

Described is the Individually Prescribed Instruction program in science for kindergarten through ninth grade. Five goals of the program are discussed: student self-direction, student co-evaluation, positive attitudes, skills in inquiry, and scientific literacy. The organization of the program by developmental levels and organizing themes for…

This paper presents the theoretical basis for the model of individualization used in an elementary-school science program and describes the Individualized Science (IS) individualized-learning management system, which is an operational realization of the model. The science content and science learning goals of the curriculum reflect the authors'…

Describes the Individualized Science" program being developed as part of the Individually Prescribed Instruction program of the University of Pittsburgh Learning Research and Development Center. The use planned for mainstream" and alternative pathways" is described and illustrated by examples of units. (AL)

The fifth in a series of innovators in the teaching of elementary school science, this essay outlines the contributions of Florence Billig (1890-1967). (CS)

It is suggested that the dilemma at every level of science education has its roots in the discrepancy among the goals of science education appropriate for different groups of learners. Considered are the major goals of science education as applied to two groups of pupils - the prospective scientists and all students in general. For the prospective…

Discussed is Bertha Morris Parker's contribution to elementary school science curriculum in terms of her development of science curriculum, her insights and ideas about elementary school science, and elementary school books she wrote. (DS)

This essay is the first of a series of papers about historically important innovators in elementary school science. It presents a brief survey of Wilbur Samuel Jackman's life and describes his ideas about elementary school science and how he put them into practice. (HM)

Describes the contributions of Anna Botsford Comstock to the development of elementary-school science. She played a major role as one of the developers of the nature-study program for children at Cornell University. Her biography and a list of her publications are also included. (HM)

Identified are reasons for discrepancies between desired states and actual practice of problem solving and reflective thinking. Issues discussed include describing the development of problem solving, using problem solving methods in instruction, outcome of developing students' problem solving abilities, and reasonable expectations of attaining the…