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Amber Spears; Darek Potter; Cassie Brown; Luke Anderson – International Journal of the Whole Child, 2025
This qualitative case study examined the impacts of Tennessee's third-grade retention law on children, families, and educators through an action research framework. Using semi-structured interviews, social media content analysis, and document reviews, the study explored the lived experiences of parents, who are also educators, and whose children…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 3, Parent Attitudes, Parents
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Mareike Ehlert; Jan Beck; Natalie Förster; Elmar Souvignier – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2025
Repeated reading (RR) is often recommended for promoting reading fluency, but it is unclear whether continuous texts or word lists should be used. This study tested whether the effects of RR depend on the reading material and whether these effects interact with students' prior abilities. N = 304 primary school students were randomly assigned to…
Descriptors: Word Lists, Reading Processes, Repetition, Reading Materials
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Candice C. Morey; Angela M. AuBuchon; Meg Attwood; Thomas Castelain; Nelson Cowan; Davide Crepaldi; Emilie Fjerdingstad; Eivor Fredriksen; Chris Jarrold; Chris Koch; Jaroslaw R. Lelonkiewicz; Gary Lupyan; Whitney Mendenhall; David Moreau; Christina Schonberg; Christian K. Tamnes; Haley Vlach; Emily M. Elliott – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2025
Though verbal rehearsal is a frequently endorsed strategy for remembering short lists among adults, there is ambiguity around when children deploy it, and what circumstantial factors encourage them to rehearse. We recoded data from a recent multilab replication of a serial picture memory task in which children were observed for evidence of…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Recall (Psychology), Learning Processes, Priming
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Madison E. Maiden; Miguel E. Ampuero; Douglas E. Kostewicz – Education and Treatment of Children, 2024
Oral reading fluency is crucial to successful reading comprehension. Difficulties to effectively read aloud with fluency often pose challenges to develop more complex reading skills. Although there exists research on teaching oral reading fluency using repeated readings, there is limited research on the effectiveness of listening while reading…
Descriptors: Reading Fluency, Oral Reading, Reading Comprehension, Repetition
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Yue Yin; Tian Fan; Wenbo Zhao; Jun Zheng; Xiao Hu; Ningxin Su; Chunliang Yang; Liang Luo – Metacognition and Learning, 2024
Employment of appropriate study strategies is crucial for academic success. Previous findings on whether use of specific strategies is related to academic performance in real educational settings were inconsistent, and their participant samples were largely restricted to undergraduate students. The current study recruited a large sample (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Academic Achievement, Study Habits, Study
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Miriam G. Clark; Benjamin G. Gibbs – Educational Policy, 2025
Many U.S. schools utilize grade retention (repeating grades when not meeting academic benchmarks) to allow more time for students to learn grade level material. However, some research suggests retention may increase inequalities and not help students progress. We use national data (Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study 2014-2017) and…
Descriptors: Student Promotion, At Risk Students, Grade Repetition, Metropolitan Areas
NaYoung Hwang; Cory Koedel – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2025
We study the peer effects of grade retention in the context of Indiana's statewide third-grade retention policy. When a retention occurs, it changes the peer group for two cohorts: rising fourth graders who lose a peer and rising third graders who gain a peer. We identify peer effects in both cohorts by leveraging plausibly exogenous variation in…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Grade 3, Educational Policy, Elementary School Students
Holly S. Kidder – ProQuest LLC, 2024
The purpose of this qualitative study is to determine how four rural school districts in East Tennessee worked to implement the third-grade retention law within their understanding and interpretation of the law to the benefit of the students and overall communities they serve. The study used a semi-structured questionnaire format conducted with a…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Grade 3, Rural Schools, Elementary School Students
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John Elwood Romig; Ashley Jetton – Journal of Special Education Technology, 2024
Repeated reading is an intervention with strong evidence for improving students' oral reading fluency. However, little research has examined the use of this intervention outside of traditional school contexts. School closures due to COVID-19 forced schools and teacher preparation programs to create new approaches to evidence-based reading…
Descriptors: Reading Instruction, Repetition, Intervention, COVID-19
Tonya Stewart-Magee – ProQuest LLC, 2024
This quantitative, causal-comparative study aims to examine the academic performance of all third-grade students who participated in after-school tutoring from English Language Arts (ELA) in comparison to those who did not, using the results from the 2022-2023 Mississippi Academic Assessment Program English Language Arts (MAAP ELA) assessment. The…
Descriptors: Grade 3, Elementary School Students, Tutoring, Language Arts
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Nora Schönfelder – European Journal of Psychology of Education, 2024
The study examines the interactive functions of gesture repetitions as a specific form of interpersonal synchronization in argumentative decision-making processes of peers (1-6 graders). Based on a collection of 13 instances, gesture repetitions are investigated in the process of collaboratively co-constructing arguments. Drawing on multimodal…
Descriptors: Repetition, Childrens Attitudes, Persuasive Discourse, Nonverbal Communication
Jordan S. Berne; Brian A. Jacob; Christina Weiland; Katharine O. Strunk – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2025
State laws that mandate in-grade retention for struggling readers are widespread in the U.S., covering 34% of public-school third graders in 2023-24. This study investigates the impacts of Michigan's third-grade reading law on subsequent test scores and school progress outcomes for the 2020-21 and 2021-22 third-grade cohorts. Using a regression…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, School Policy, Reading Difficulties, State Policy
Umut Özek – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2024
Public policies targeting individuals based on need often impose disproportionate burden on communities that lack the resources to implement these policies effectively. In an elementary school setting, I examine whether community-level interventions focusing on similar needs and providing resources to build capacity in these communities could…
Descriptors: Elementary Schools, Intervention, Capacity Building, Extended School Day
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Shu-Hao Wu; Morris Siu-Yung Jong; Chin-Chung Tsai – Education and Information Technologies, 2025
Spherical video-based virtual reality (SVVR) offers teachers an accessible means to use virtual reality. However, research into the effects of learning materials in teacher-developed SVVR activities on student learning remains limited. This study recruited 33 elementary school teachers and the 841 students in their classes. This study classified…
Descriptors: Learner Engagement, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Computer Simulation, Technology Uses in Education
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NaYoung Hwang; Cory Koedel – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2025
We evaluate the effects of grade retention on students' academic, attendance, and disciplinary outcomes in Indiana. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that third-grade retention increases achievement in English Language Arts (ELA) and math immediately and substantially, and the effects persist into middle school. We find no evidence…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 3, Grade Repetition, Low Achievement
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