With the development of information technology, co-viewing of live video streaming (LVS) has become a popular online learning method. However, existing studies have found inconsistent results regarding the effects of co-viewing, which could be due to the impact of learner-learner interactions. The present study tested the effects of co-viewing LVS…

Background: Despite the potential of captioned videos, limited attention has been paid to the role of vocabulary knowledge (VK) and working memory (WM) in incidental vocabulary learning under different captioning conditions. Objectives: The present study aimed to bridge this gap by assessing VK and WM in incidental vocabulary learning under…

Writing is a fundamental skill linked closely with academic achievement, day-to-day communication, formal negotiations, and more. However, due to their lack of contextual experience, learning to write has been a demanding and complex cognitive process for most learners. As a result, learners struggle to exhibit positive learning behaviours and…

Dialogic teaching -- in which teachers and students address controversial issues -- has become increasingly common in school education to promote civic participation in deliberative democracy. This study addresses this question: when leading whole-class discussions on controversial issues, what discursive moves could teachers adopt to enact…

An increasing number of MOOCs use learning videos featuring an instructor and slides, but there are few specific guidelines for the design of instructor images for these videos. A pedagogical agent (PA) is a kind of virtual instructor image in a learning video, and its image design is mostly guided by anthropomorphism. Our research attempts to…

This study intended to examine L2 young learners' vocabulary learning (i.e. form, meaning, and use). The research design involved a 2 (advance-organizer strategy: present vs. absent) × 4 (caption type: glossed full captions, glossed keyword captions, full captions, keyword captions) between-subjects design. A total of 240 Chinese ESL primary…

Demonstration lessons are used in China to provide models of quality music instruction. However, to date, no research has been done on the quality of demonstration lessons and how this relates to the improvement of school music education in China. This content analysis provides an insight into China's music demonstration lesson implementation and…

Due to the lack of life experience and situational experience, it is difficult to arouse pupils' inner motivation and interest in writing. Therefore, the early stage of Chinese writing may be a challenge for Chinese pupils. In order to solve this problem, a spherical video-based virtual reality (SVVR) experience learning system was developed to…

The present study is set to systematically review articles on the use of 360-degree video technology in language learning. The study selected and reviewed twenty-four articles in the following aspects: (1) tools related to 360-degree video technology; (2) languages and skills involved; (3) theories and pedagogical approaches in reviewed articles;…

Background: Physically manipulating objects according to texts can improve reading performance. This study examined whether these benefits can also be achieved via observing these manipulations or whether, because of an additional involvement of an action system, the physical manipulation might induce larger effects. Methods: In total, 134 second…

The present study was conducted to investigate the use of a flipped classroom in primary EFL classrooms in China. It is quasi-experimental research examining flipped and non-flipped classrooms in teaching English vowel letters in a primary school in China. Specifically, the researchers aimed at finding out the participating students' and teachers'…

Autonomous learning materials play a vital role in developing students' autonomy. By providing students with appropriate autonomous learning materials to meet their self-diagnosis learning needs, this can effectively improve students' academic performance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, students' learning changed from offline to online. However, in…

The aim of this digital storytelling (DST) study was to investigate how students acquire twenty first-century competencies, here focusing on active knowledge creation and collaboration in math learning. The study also examined how engaged the students were in DST lessons and what teachers' perceptions of DST were as a learning method.DST was…

The use of flipped classrooms, blended learning environments and the application of technology has been extensively studied and reported in the literature, but the impact of learning activity design on cultivating better learning attitudes has rarely been explored. A rapid adoption of 'e-schoolbag' in basic education in China has been observed in…

The purpose of this case study is to explore effects of digital gamification on engagement and achievement in a third-grade social studies course for students of multiple nationalities and with varied native languages attending the English language international branch of a private, affluent school in eastern China. The case study is framed by…