The purpose of the study was to determine the longitudinal effects of a Title I reading component on students in grades two through five from 1976 through 1980. The following questions were considered in the analysis of performance among reading participants: (1) Do the same students remain in Title I year after year? (2) Do students who…

As mandated by state law, the Texas Education Agency presents a summary of data relating to grade-level retention of students reported by grade, ethnicity, and gender. The reported total number of students who repeated a grade in Texas schools in 1992-93 was 118,888. An additional 3,243 students, or 1.24% of the first grade, were placed in…