This paper reports three experiments concerning methodological issues in studies on incidental learning performance which use verbal and nonverbal procedures and which appear to be hampered by differences in stimulus materials, learning opportunities, and dependent measures. The first study, using 128 children from grades 3, 5, 7, and 9, attempted…

Pattern of results suggests that retardates were relatively deficient in the spontaneous use of effective rehearsal mechanisms, but could perform as well as normals when instructed to use a specific rehearsal strategy. (Authors)

Results were interpreted as supporting an inhibition deficit theory of mental retardation. (Authors)

Research data consistently demonstrates that white school children score higher on tests of academic ability than Negro children of the same age and grade level, and that this discrepancy increases with time. Is this discrepancy due to a lack of learning proficiency on the part of Negro children or to a lack of learning opportunity? In an attempt…