The present study assessed the effectiveness of the ECRIMO educational application designed to build first-grade level spelling skills. We tested whether using the app to teach spelling would be as effective as providing the same training using traditional paper exercises. The effect of integrating gamification into mobile learning apps, which has…

We present an inference algorithm for perturbation models based on Poisson regression. The algorithm is designed to handle unclassified input with multiple errors described by independent mal-rules. This knowledge representation provides an intelligent tutoring system with local and global information about a student, such as error classification…

Three kindergarten children and one first-grade student used computer programs to spell words in isolation and in stories they wrote. Eventually, all of the children, even those who were initially non-readers, were able to write some stories in standard spelling. As the children made progress toward writing words in conventional spelling, they…