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Direct linkOsana, Helena P.; Przednowek, Katarzyna; Cooperman, Allyson; Adrien, Emmanuelle – Journal of Experimental Education, 2018
The effects of prior encodings of manipulatives (red and blue plastic chips) on children's ability to use them as representations of quantity were tested. First graders (N = 73) were assigned to four conditions in which the encoding of plastic chips was experimentally manipulated. All children then participated in an addition activity that relied…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Elementary School Students, Manipulative Materials, Cognitive Processes
Kirby, Edward Michael – ProQuest LLC, 2018
The purpose of this true experimental, posttest-only control-group design was to determine if the color coding of exterior letters affects the fluency and decoding ability among fourth grade students who were below grade level in reading. If color coding exterior letters is an effective intervention, then struggling readers could utilize this…
Descriptors: Color, Coding, Alphabets, Reading Fluency
