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Ballard, Iva B.; Chappell, Manya; Johnson, Susan; Ngassam, Marlise DePaul – Research in the Schools, 2013
In this study, we explore middle-class parental involvement in summer activities of four elementary students. Many researchers discuss summer programs initiated by institutions, but fail to explain how parents' availability, experiences, and related criteria affect student summer activities. From our interviews, observations, and artifacts, we…
Descriptors: Middle Class, Parent Participation, Summer Programs, Elementary School Students
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Hastie, Peter A.; Curtner-Smith, Matthew D. – Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 2006
Background: Sport Education (SE) and Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) are two curriculum models that were developed to help students participate in fair and equitable ways and challenge their thinking beyond the replication of techniques and skills. Given that the general aim of both models is to employ more democratic pedagogies and…
Descriptors: Research Design, Physical Education, Middle Class, Tests
Walls, Richard T.; Smith, Tennie S. – 1970
The effects of three experimental treatments on second and third grade, disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged children's choices between an immediate smaller and deferred larger reward were investigated in a 2 x 3 factorial design. In one condition, subjects were required to earn the larger reinforcement by working during the delay period. A second…
Descriptors: Compensatory Education, Data Analysis, Disadvantaged Youth, Elementary School Students