While AI has become more prevalent in our society than ever, many young learners are found holding various naive, erroneous conceptions of AI due to the influence of their technology and media environments. To address this issue, this study seeks to propose a novel pedagogical solution to improve upper-elementary school students' scientific…

The Effectiveness of Tiered Instruction in Elementary Schools Trident University International 2018 The purpose of this mixed research study was to explore the effectiveness of the tiered instruction and interventions for grades kindergarten through five at 2 elementary schools within a single charter school district in the Southern United States.…

Examines the proposition that low frequency monosyllabic words are more difficult to spell than high frequency monosyllabic words having the same vowel phoneme-grapheme spelling patterns. Results obtained from 1,704 second-, third-, and fourth-grade children did not support the proposition. (MP)

Mental effort expended during the creation of sentence elaborations by fifth graders performing two simultaneous tasks was greater for inaccessible than accessible pairs. The difference was not observed when subjects were provided with pair members in sentences. (RH)

The main aim of this study was to compare children diagnosed as dysphonetic and dyseidetic on a number of mental processing variables to determine if opposite patterns of relative strength and weakness between the groups could be documented. Another aim was to externally validate the diagnostic criteria, which were based on standardized clinical…

Three types of concepts were examined: concepts defined by sufficient features, concepts which possessed necessary and sufficient features, and concepts composed of exemplars with distinctive features. Second- and fifth-grade subjects learned the concepts in a procedure encouraging abstraction of common features or a procedure fostering exemplar…

This study replicates Siltanen's (1986) investigation of four developmental stages of metaphor comprehension and tests the effects of two levels of context on children's ability to comprehend metaphors. A total of 159 subjects ranging in age from 6 through 12 years were asked to provide an open-ended response to 16 test metaphors which varied in…

First-, third-, fifth-, and sixth-grade children were administered 20 relational reasoning problems in which they had to deduce the possible sizes of one item relative to two others on the basis of a visual comparison and a written clue. Dramatic differences were observed between fifth- and sixth-grade children. Corrective feedback improved…

Examined the ability of students at different achievement levels to understand worksheet directions and accurately identify the reasons for completing worksheets. The cognitive processes that students employed when they read directions were also examined. (PCB)

Investigated ability of 32 children from grades one, three, five, and seven to distribute study time so that certain units of material were given more emphasis than others (differential allocation) and determine how much study time was needed to meet the study goal (sufficient allocation). Age differences, effect of order of study, and allocation…

In 1990 a routine study confirming the accuracy of the Rasch model in predicting item difficulties led to an in-depth analysis of the impact of guessing on the Rasch model when used with multiple-choice items. This paper reviews the highlights of that research. Seventeen linked vocabulary tests of 110 items were each administered to groups of 400…

Investigated effects of changing the level of motor planning demands in simple drawing tasks for which children aged 5-11 years completed or copied squares and diamonds. Results were consistent with previous studies. Low planning demands resulted in less difference between square and diamond performance than did tasks demanding higher planning.…

Twenty-four girls and 19 boys who failed quantity conservation tasks on a pretest were retested after having been exposed to a classroom demonstration on conservation. Results indicated that children who understood number conservation improved their quantity conservation performance more often than children who showed no understanding of number…

The effectiveness of mnemonic (memory-enhancing) materials that were developed by the authors to teach fourth and fifth graders the state capitals of the United States was examined in two experiments. (Author/MP)

Outlines three constructs of text difficulty: text-based (objective), performance-based (behavioral), and a combination of the two (subjective). (HOD)