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| Elementary School Students | 3 |
| Expectation | 3 |
| Time Perspective | 3 |
| Age Differences | 1 |
| American Indians | 1 |
| Anglo Americans | 1 |
| Cognitive Processes | 1 |
| Cultural Differences | 1 |
| Delay of Gratification | 1 |
| Elementary Education | 1 |
| Emotional Response | 1 |
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Peer reviewedNisan, Mordecai – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1975
Investigated the hypothesis that 10-year-old children will tend to perceive delayed outcomes as being of lower value than immediately expected ones, with the effect being stronger for negative outcomes. Good- and bad-tasting foods were used as stimuli. (SDH)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Elementary School Students, Emotional Response, Expectation
Peer reviewedFreire, Evelio; And Others – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1980
With a sample of 54 lower- and middle-class boys and girls, ages 7 to 11 years, standardized procedures were used to assess time perspective, delay of gratification and future self-image. All measures were found to be significantly and highly related to socioeconomic status. The implications of the results are discussed. (Author/RH)
Descriptors: Delay of Gratification, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Expectation
Peer reviewedShannon, Lael – Developmental Psychology, 1975
Investigated the development of temporal perspectives in disadvantaged subcultures and the cognitive structures underlying those perspectives. Subjects were 120 males, including 20 Anglo-Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans, from each of two age groups. (10-12 and 14-17). (Author/SDH)
Descriptors: American Indians, Anglo Americans, Cognitive Processes, Cultural Differences
