Background: Phonological awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate the sounds of language. This is a crucial skill for reading and spelling development. However, students with intellectual disabilities (ID) often have difficulties in acquiring phonological awareness skills. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of a digital…

This study examines the effects of a working memory (WM) sensitive math intervention in students with learning disabilities (LD). The intervention aims to improve early mathematical competencies while accounting for weak cognitive resources through a reduced instructional design. These principles are considered to be effective for learning. Ten…

Learning prepositions is very important for students with an intellectual disability to engage in functional communication behaviors. In addition, it is important for the students with intellectual disability to engage in physical activity at school because they spend the majority of their waking hours during weekdays at school. One way to…

This study compares the effectiveness and efficiency of constant time delay (CTD) and simultaneous prompting (SP) to teach decoding and word reading to four students, 7 to 9 years of age, with intellectual disabilities (ID) in the mild to moderate range. An adapted alternating treatment design was implemented to assess the two methods. The results…

Background: This study evaluated the impact of a structured 10-didactic units intervention on promoting the school inclusion of elementary school students with intellectual disability (ID). Method: The intervention was devised for 152 Italian typically developing (TD) elementary school students that were randomly assigned to the experimental (EG)…

The purpose of this work was to understand the school inclusion programmes (SIPs) for students with special educational needs (SEN). The methodology was conducted in the field of special education (SE) and focuses on three case studies of students who was supported by SIPs. The Targeted, Individual, Structured, Inclusion Programme for students…

The effectiveness of two instructional interventions was investigated in the context of teaching Arithmetic Combinations (ACs) of multiplication and division to students with Learning Disabilities (LD) or Mild Intellectual Disability (MID). The intervention for the control group (LD = 20, MID = 10) was based on principles of effective instruction,…

Teachers in rural areas are finding that more and more special needs children are being included in their K-12 classrooms to comply with the mandate for a free and appropriate public education even in isolated small school systems. For students with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) this placement is meant to accomplish both the academic and…