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Toffalini, Enrico; Marsura, Mara; Garcia, Ricardo Basso; Cornoldi, Cesare – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2019
Successful reading demands the ability to combine visual-phonological information into a single representation and is associated with an efficient short-term memory. Reading disability may consequently involve an impaired working memory binding of visual and phonological information. The present study proposes two span tasks for assessing…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Reading Difficulties, Dyslexia, Associative Learning
Lum, Jarrad A. G.; Gelgic, Celin; Conti-Ramsden, Gina – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2010
Background: Much evidence has accumulated to indicate memory deficits in children with specific language impairment. However, most research has focused on working memory impairments in these children. Less is known about the functioning of other memory systems in this population. Aims: This study examined procedural and declarative memory in young…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Language Impairments, Associative Learning, Short Term Memory
Davis, Mary Lou Ellison; Otto, Wayne – 1969
Data based on the single word responses children made to visually presented alphabet letter stimuli were examined and compared with earlier adult studies. One hundred and eighty sixth-grade students from two elementary schools participated in the study. The subjects responded by writing the first word they thought of beginning with the letter…
Descriptors: Association Measures, Associative Learning, Elementary School Students, Responses

McFarland, Carl E., Jr.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1978
A modification of Posner's letter-matching paradigm is employed to study the development of abstract visual and name codes for letters in second, fourth, and sixth grade students. (CM)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Age Differences, Associative Learning, Codification

Palermo, David S. – Developmental Psychology, 1971
Descriptors: Age Differences, Association Measures, Associative Learning, Auditory Stimuli
Lopes, Alicia K.; Richman, Charles L. – 1984
Twenty male and 20 female first graders were trained in a paired-associates (PA) learning task to test the hypothesis that instructions to generate interactive mental images of word referents and interactive imagery training administered prior to PA learning facilitate cued recall. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following five…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Cues, Elementary School Students, Grade 1
Reynolds, Richard J. – 1970
How the mode of input of stimuli affects the quality or type of response was studied by comparing the number of paradigmatic responses and syntagmatic responses to both orally and visually presented stimulus words. The following groups, totaling 194 subjects, were involved in four experiments: (1) 18 institutionalized disturbed adolescents, (2) 96…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Association Measures, Associative Learning, Auditory Stimuli
Nunnally, Jum C. – 1968
The research concerned the association of neutral objects, such as nonsense syllables, with rewards, such as money and candy, in children. Thirty-six subjects were obtained from grades two through six of local public elementary schools in Nashville, Tennessee. Associations between neutral objects and rewards were formed in a task concerning…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Attention Control, Cognitive Processes, Discrimination Learning