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Bishop, Jessica Pierson; Lamb, Lisa L.; Philipp, Randolph A.; Whitacre, Ian; Schappelle, Bonnie P. – Mathematical Thinking and Learning: An International Journal, 2016
Looking for, recognizing, and using underlying mathematical structure is an important aspect of mathematical reasoning. We explore the use of mathematical structure in children's integer strategies by developing and exemplifying the construct of logical necessity. Students in our study used logical necessity to approach and use numbers in a…
Descriptors: Numbers, Arithmetic, Mathematics, Mathematics Instruction
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Livingston, Andrea, Ed.; Wirt, John, Ed. – National Center for Education Statistics, 2003
This publication contains a sample of the 44 indicators in "The Condition of Education 2003." The indicators in this publication are numbered sequentially, rather than according to their numbers in the complete edition. The Contents page offers a cross reference between the two publications. Since 1870, the federal government has…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Enrollment, Family Characteristics, Poverty