The school effectiveness movement stresses a safe and orderly learning environment for students. Concern for students' and parents' legal rights, coupled with recent criticism of school practices regarding corporal punishment, suspension, and expulsion, has spawned research into theoretical, practical, and legal implications related to pupil…

Minimum competency testing (MCT) programs for students are growing in popularity and being adopted by many states. In order to determine the extent of the MCT movement, researchers at North Carolina State University surveyed state departments of education in all 50 states. In updating these data for 1986-1987, it was found that 64 percent of the…

This survey provides information on many of the critical issues facing urban schools. It reflects data collected from school districts that constitute the National School Boards Association's Council of Urban Boards of Education (CUBE) and some districts eligible for participation in this group. Of the 85 districts that participated in the study,…

This study evaluates characteristics and critical issues facing urban schools in 1992 via a survey of school districts with membership in the Council of Urban Boards of Education and in several eligible districts. Sixty-two urban school districts responded to the survey. Of this total, 47 (68 percent) of the Council's participating districts…