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Bishop, Jessica Pierson; Lamb, Lisa L.; Philipp, Randolph A.; Whitacre, Ian; Schappelle, Bonnie P. – Mathematical Thinking and Learning: An International Journal, 2016
Looking for, recognizing, and using underlying mathematical structure is an important aspect of mathematical reasoning. We explore the use of mathematical structure in children's integer strategies by developing and exemplifying the construct of logical necessity. Students in our study used logical necessity to approach and use numbers in a…
Descriptors: Numbers, Arithmetic, Mathematics, Mathematics Instruction
Penuel, William R.; McGhee, Raymond, Jr. – Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development, US Department of Education, 2010
In 2004, the U.S. Department of Education's Policy and Program Studies Service contracted with SRI International and its partner, Policy Studies Associates, to undertake an evaluation of the 21st Century Community Learning Centers. The following evaluation questions informed this study: (1) What is the nature of activities in centers that are…
Descriptors: Federal Programs, Goal Orientation, Mathematics Achievement, Reading Achievement