Social Studies teachers must help students learn to think for themselves. The first part of this paper delineates alternative definitions of critical thinking. In the second part, two research and instructional models are examined. Part three suggests four research approaches and problems based upon the logical paradigm. (Author/RM)

Identifies concepts and findings in cognitive psychology and cooperative learning relevant to teaching and learning higher cognitive skills. Derives implications from research to use as criteria for evaluating history and social science instruction programs. Critiques three models for teaching intellectual skills in the social studies curriculum.…