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Bofferding, Laura; Richardson, Sue Ellen – North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 2013
Fifteen elementary and secondary teacher candidates solved sixteen integer addition and subtraction problems during think-aloud interviews. Investigators further probed participants' solution strategies as well as what they noticed first when starting a new problem. Task analyses of participants' solutions led to the creation of two distinct maps…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Addition, Subtraction, Numbers
Baroody, Arthur J. – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1996
An experimental group (n=13) and a control group (n=15) of children with mental retardation were both shown a basic concrete counting procedure. Over six months, the experimental group was given regular opportunities to practice computing sums. Many of them invented calculational short cuts. Results suggest that children with mental retardation…
Descriptors: Addition, Children, Cognitive Processes, Computation