Describes two experiments that investigate how "buggy algorithms" in multi-digit subtraction are used. The first experiment tested third grade students (N=110) and repeated the test two years later. The second experiment tested students in grades 3-6 (N=301). Contains 21 references. (DDR)

Outlines various subtraction methods, such as the decomposition method, equal-addends method, and low-stress algorithm. Describes a subtraction method by addition of complements. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the method. (YP)

Three alternative methods of finding averages of two numbers are presented. (MP)

Arithmetic programming for students with mild mental disabilities requires a comprehensive perspective that includes attention to curriculum, instruction, and appraisal. Arithmetic computation should not dominate educational programming, but should be included in ways that are functionally relevant and meaningfully presented within a framework of…