The cause of ethnic unity progress is a foundational cause for forging a sense of community for the Chinese Nation, and progressive education for school ethnic unity is an important, integral part of the cause of ethnic unity progress. Progressive education curricula for school ethnic unity are school curricula explicitly stipulated by the state.…

Due to recent unrest around the world, the number of refugees has increased dramatically in the last decade. In order to meet the needs of this population, host countries have had to quickly adapt to provide these refugees with basic needs. One such need is to have quality education for refugee children. The aim of this paper is to compare the…

The increase in nationalist tendencies around the world after 2001 signifies changes in the concept of citizenship as reflected in the discourses of the parties coming to power. How does this translate into changes in education? In this article, I analyse the case of Poland. The research is focused on finding an answer to the following question:…

This handbook presents information for the use of Washington State school districts and schools in the development of physical education programs that conform with Federal and State regulations regarding sex equity. It consists of five major sections which provide, respectively: (1) State legislation pertaining to education, physical education,…

Children who are blind are among the most easily mainstreamed of children with handicaps. The child with visual impairments is in need of an educational program which will meet all the students' needs, including those resulting from the visual condition. (JN)

The main objectives of a Vilnius, Lithuania, seminar were to share experiences in curriculum reform to promote life skills for social inclusion. This was to be achieved through an exchange on principles, approaches and methodologies that inform processes of curriculum reform in life skills education. Most of the participants were senior education…

The National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) presents a position statement on curriculum guidelines for multiethnic education. A rationale for ethnic pluralism presents goals for school reform; curriculum guidelines describe ideal characteristics of school environments reflecting ethnic pluralism; and a checklist allows assessment of…

This discussion looks at the functional curriculum approach to educating students with disabilities. It addresses identifying functional knowledge and skills, starting a functional curriculum, needs of students with disabilities for such a curriculum, and the relationship of the functional curriculum to the traditional curriculum and to inclusive…

This handbook delineates the planning necessary for the development of a program of multicultural education, a concept defined as the recognition of the value of all people in their racial, ethnic, cultural, religious, and physical differences. Included are discussions of options (either student or curriculum-oriented) in developing multicultural…

An advocate of cultural pluralism underscores the need for racial and ethnic diversity in predominantly white suburban schools. (Author)

This reflective commentary by the author of EC 607 584 points out that discussion about inclusion of students with severe disabilities should focus on how it may address the contextually complex variables that support effective instruction for all students. Teachers should be given the flexibility to implement curricula that result in different…

This paper defines "inclusion," discusses ways to think about curriculum related to inclusive education, presents a process of curriculum development to assist teams in including students with disabilities in regular classrooms, and provides specific curricular strategies and tools to assist in the curriculum development process for…

Multicultural education, anti-racist education, and conflict resolution are curriculum-based approaches to reducing racial conflict. Since the 1930s, attempts have been made to develop curricula to change negative racial attitudes and encourage appreciation for people of all races. In the 1980s, multicultural education has focused on the unique…

Enactment of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act stipulated that the mentally retarded, among other groups of handicapped children, be educated in the least restrictive environment. Specialized instruction and related service needs are crucial components to be considered in designing an adequate educational program for exceptional…

This review of five recent (1992 and 1993) books and journal articles is intended to illuminate characteristics of inclusive schools. The review defines inclusion as more than merely regular class placement for students with disabilities, to include a philosophy which celebrates diversity and the provision of a continuum of educational options.…