Overload of the Basic Education curriculum in Nigeria led to the reduction from earlier 11 subjects to seven for Lower Basic, eight for Middle Basic, and nine for Upper Basic. Languages may not be exempt as it may affect performance adversely. For this study, the two national languages (English language and French) as well as Yoruba (the language…

This edited collection explores the immense potential of translanguaging in educational settings and highlights teachers and students negotiating language ideologies in their everyday communicative practices. It makes a significant contribution to scholarship on translanguaging and considers the need for pedagogy to reflect and embrace diversity.…

This article puts forward a solution to the impending shortage of culturally and linguistically competent interpreters: the education of heritage signers as heritage language learners. It examines the current landscape of American Sign Language (ASL) as a course of study and the difficulties heritage signers report when they begin learning ASL. In…

As a language, Irish is unique to Ireland and is, therefore, of crucial importance to the identity of the Irish people, to Irish culture and to world heritage. The Irish language however has had a turbulent and traumatic history and has endured a complex and varied relationship with the Irish people. Since the foundation of the Irish Free State,…

While references to the Treaty of Waitangi and/or biculturalism are an accepted part of the New Zealand education policy landscape, there is often a lack of consensus around the meaning, and therefore the practice implications, of the term 'biculturalism'. This difficulty can be explained by viewing biculturalism as a discourse that has continued…

The decade of the 1970s saw a relative decline in the enrollment in Quebec Province of students in English schools, and a relative increase in enrollment in French schools. This shift was especially reflected in a decreasing proportion of Francophone and Allophone (having neither French nor English as a native language) students attending school…

The book presents the Makah alphabet decided upon in a public workshop held by the Makah Language Program in 1978, before which there was no standard Makah orthography. The 10 vowels and 34 consonants of the alphabet are presented in relation to English sounds. The book groups vowels sounds together but devotes a page to each consonant telling how…

The booklet contains directions for designing six word games to provide motivation, reinforcement, and review for students of all ages, from children to adults, as they learn the Ojibwe language. Step-by-step instructions are provided for making and playing Quiz Board, Tic-Tac-Toe, Concentration, Lottery, Lingo (Bingo), and Incocomp. Suggestions…

The lives of accomplished bilingual adults who were educated in Massachusetts schools are reviewed to analyze the role of transitional bilingual education (TBE) in their lives. The 12 adults interviewed, chosen not as a representative sample, but because they have succeeded in life, attended bilingual education in Massachusetts, generally in urban…

The use of the cloze procedure by classroom teachers who are not extensively trained in testing in general or language testing in particular is discussed. Focal points are material selection for cloze; some technical aspects of construction and administration; insights about testing language students naive to cloze; reliability of cloze…

This is the second of two volumes of working papers produced by working groups of the National Congress on Languages in Education. The papers in this volume are concerned with the relationship between the acquisition and teaching of the native language and the learning and teaching of other languages. The papers included are the following: (1)…

This book on mother tongue (native language) teaching in Europe contains three parts. The first explores definitions and teaching implications of mother tongues, including issues of language identity, language standards, mother tongue roles, and language policies in the European Union. The second part consists of nine case studies: "Teaching…

Part 154 of the Regulations of New York State's Commissioner of Education prescribes requirements for districts relative to the education of pupils with limited English proficiency. The guidelines provided here are to assist school districts in developing and implementing programs consistent with the law and regulations. Chapters address the…

A cultural and linguistic textbook on the Tolowa Indians of Northwestern California and Oregon provides a history of the tribe, a Tolowa Unifon chart and pronunciation guide, map of tribal lands with place names in Tolowa and English, stories, prayers, songs, genealogy, commonly-used words grouped topically, explanation in English of cultural…