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Nel, Norma Margaret; Krog, Soezin – Participatory Educational Research, 2021
Mandarin has been added to the list of second additional languages (SAL) that South African learners can choose from. The researchers proactively conducted research pertaining to SAL (Mandarin) since it is a dynamic phenomenon in South Africa. The research question was formulated as follows: "Do factors such as 1) phonemic differences between…
Descriptors: Mandarin Chinese, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Phonetics
Sharma, Ramesh C., Ed. – IGI Global, 2018
New tools and technologies are being developed to cater to the e-learning triangle of content, technology, and services. These developments (in technology, needs of students, emergence of new modes of education like MOOCs or flipped classrooms, etc.) have resulted in a change in the approach to teaching. "Innovative Applications of Online…
Descriptors: Educational Innovation, Electronic Learning, Online Courses, Instructional Design

Tadros, A. A. – English Language Teaching Journal, 1979
The following error made by Sudanese students in their written English is discussed: giving the direct translation of relative pronoun plus personal pronoun from the Arabic pattern instead of the relative pronoun. The structure of the relative clause in English and Arabic is also compared. (SW)
Descriptors: Arabic, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Error Analysis (Language)
Richards, David R. – 1977
The interlanguage hypothesis stresses that errors are a normal part of the language learning process. At the same time, in the view of many, the teacher has a responsibility to provide short cuts for the learner through appropriate corrective feedback. Conventionally, this has been taken to imply correction of expression by requiring repetition of…
Descriptors: Applied Linguistics, Child Language, Communication Skills, Communicative Competence (Languages)
Hunt, Kellogg W. – 1965
The purposes of this study were (1) to provide a method for the quantitative study of grammatical (syntactic) structures which is coherent, systematic, and broad, yet capable of refinement to accommodate details, and (2) to search for the developmental trends in the frequency of various grammatical structures written by students of average…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, English Instruction, Grammar, Language Acquisition

Clancy, Mary E.; Hruska, Barbara L. – Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (JOPERD), 2005
Drawing on the unique opportunities that physical education settings provide, physical education specialists can assist English language learners (ELLs) in developing language by implementing language objectives in their lessons. Language objectives encourage teachers to provide explicit language instruction and language support for students who…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Elementary Secondary Education, Physical Education, English (Second Language)
Caissie, Roland – 1982
A system for classifying English predicates into four families that account for all forms, moods, voices, and tenses is examined as an approach to teach grammar to students of English as a second language (ESL). It is suggested that by focusing on one family at a time, then building by combining these families, students can learn more readily to…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Grammar, Instructional Design
Nicol, Janet L., Ed. – 2001
This collection of papers presents research on language processing among second language learners and bilinguals. The nine papers include the following: (1) "The Bilingual's Language Modes" (Francois Grosjean); (2) "The Voicing Contrast in English and Spanish: The Relationship between Perception and Production" (Mary L. Zampini…
Descriptors: Bilingual Students, Bilingualism, Code Switching (Language), Dictionaries
Pack, Alice C., Ed. – 1970
Four issues of "TESL Reporter" are presented. Contents include the following articles: "Feedback: An Anti-Madeirization Compound" by Henry M. Schaafsma; "Using the Personal Pronoun 'I' as a Compound Subject" by G. Pang and D. Chu; "The Consonant'L' in Initial and Final Positions" by Maybelle Chong; "Sentence Expansion for the Elementary Level" by…
Descriptors: Consonants, Educational Games, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)
Frey, Betty J. – 1976
This book is designed for teachers of children whose first language is other than English, in particular, teachers who have had little or no formal training in the teaching of English as a second language (ESL). Although the emphasis is on the Spanish-speaking student, the same techniques and tools apply to speakers of other languages. The first…
Descriptors: Adult Education, Audiovisual Aids, Dialogs (Language), Educational Media

Quigley, Stephen P.; King, Cynthia M. – Applied Psycholinguistics, 1980
Describes two research programs on the syntactic abilities of hearing impaired and normal hearing individuals. The first program involved deaf students acquiring English structure; the second involved the construction of the Test of Syntactic Abilities and its application to deaf, hard of hearing, and normal hearing students in the United States,…
Descriptors: Deafness, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Hearing Impairments
Gowie, Cheryl J. – 1977
This study examined the effects of children's cognitively based role expectations on their judgments of the grammatical acceptability of sentences. Sixty children, 12 each in grades 4 through 8, individually heard 10 sentences violating the Minimum Distance Principle (MDP). The sentences were grammatical, but linguistically complex, and violated…
Descriptors: Child Language, Elementary Secondary Education, Expectation, Grammar
Ellis, Rod – 1983
Formulaic speech, expressions learned as unanalyzed wholes and used on particular occasions by native speakers, is contrasted to "grammatical" sentences using novel combinations of words in the second language classroom. The speech produced by three limited English-speaking children in an English program suggests that formulaic speech…
Descriptors: Children, Classroom Communication, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)
Shaunnessey, Maryann S. – 1982
Pacing in the teaching of English as a second language (ESL) is considered. It is suggested that the problem of pacing is almost entirely a matter of teachers covering material so rapidly that the student frequently does not have the opportunity to integrate it. Since the recognition of sounds, symbols, and sentences is not mastery of them, it is…
Descriptors: Cues, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Intonation
Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen; Bofman, Theodora – 1988
An evaluation of the t-unit as the basic unit of analysis of second language development in written form argues that despite the t-unit's advantages, the sentence-based analysis is superior for examining syntactic complexity in at least three ways: (1) it better characterizes learner knowledge; (2) it facilitates comparison across learners and…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Grammar, Language Tests, Measurement Techniques