The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how district leaders of two school systems in the USA describe an effective principal. Membership categorisation analysis revealed that district leaders believed an effective principal had four major categories of characteristics: (1) documented characteristics (having a track record and being a…

The changing racial and ethnic makeup of Canadian society has had a dramatic impact on demands for representation in leadership positions. Policies will continue to be ineffective until a better understanding is gained of the typical experiences that minorities have in organizations, and, in particular, of the factors that impede and facilitate…

A survey of 4500 children examines the impact of black male youths' perceptions of role models on their personal development. The youths overwhelming chose sports figures rather than academicians or educators, as role models. Programs illustrating meaningful role models for these youth are discussed. (MMU)

Individual athletes are not primarily responsible for violence in sports. It is a product of the system. Sports leaders are responsible for allowing it and for curbing it. Contributing factors and consequences are outlined, together with recommendations for overcoming violence in youth sports. (IAH)

The ways in which infants, toddlers, children, and adolescents learn social behaviors, through role models, social rules, and rewards and punishment, are described. A four-step social skills training program for preschoolers is discussed. A list of resource materials is provided. (JL)

During December 1993 and January 1994, the Gallup Organization conducted the National Youth Survey: Attitudes Regarding Society, Education, and Adulthood. Based on telephone interviews with a sample of 630 children and teenagers, aged 10 to 17, the survey reveals optimistic attitudes, yet an emerging seriousness of purpose and waning of confidence…

Three main traditions in teacher socialization research (functionalist, interpretive, and critical) are discussed in relation to studies of occupational socialization. The analysis of the teacher socialization literature which follows examines influences on teacher socialization prior to, during, and after completion of a preservice teacher…

Some schools do a poor job of preparing youth for responsible adulthood. The root problems seem to be failure to perceive adequately the urgency of the socialization problem and the tendency to oversimplify the measures needed to correct the situation. (Author/MLF)

Explores the phenomena of deaf persons internalizing and reciprocating the prejudice to which they have been exposed. Examines these actions from the perspective of social learning theory described by Bandura and Walters. Focuses upon those members of the deaf community who advocate change in the relationship between deaf and hearing people. (KO)

The goal of physical education is to provide learners with the skills, strategy, customs, and expectations surrounding specific movement activities. Socialization models may serve to clarify the application to curriculum. Implications of this philosophy for curriculum design are described for elementary, junior high, and secondary levels of…

Interviewed African American graduate students in education to examine their experiences against the conceptual framework of stereotype threat and wise schooling strategies. Results showed that some departments significantly reduced stereotype threat and positively influenced students' academic career aspirations. Successful student socialization…

Acceptance of handicapped students by their peers is a major component of success in the mainstreamed classroom. How teachers plan for interactions and lessons determines the degree to which social acceptance is achieved. The teacher's behavior models desired social acceptance, and the structure of learning activities evidence academic…

This document was developed to assist educators in the ongoing task of developing a learning environment that is free from sex-role stereotyping, and a curriculum that accurately depicts the roles of women. As a resource guide, this document actively supports a number of Ontario's Ministry of Education guidelines concerning the education of…

A review of the literature on teacher socialization reveals emphasis on two broad research categories: outcomes of teacher socialization, and factors that influence those outcomes. Research is consistent with respect to the outcomes of socialization. Progressive and liberal views that students adopt during college shift after their initial…

The "Set a Good Example Contest" has been in operation for 10 years. The contest is based on the idea that educating youth in common sense values and getting students to set good examples for their peers will solve many of the problems faced in today's society. This paper examines the effects of this program. Both teachers and students…