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Direct linkJaekel, Nils; Schurig, Michael; Florian, Merle; Ritter, Markus – Language Learning, 2017
Foreign language education has now been implemented at the elementary school level across Europe, and early foreign language education has gained traction following language policies set by the European Commission. The long-term effects of an early start, however, have not received ample scientific scrutiny. The present study assessed early…
Descriptors: Second Language Instruction, Grade 5, Grade 7, Foreign Countries
Download full textMuthen, Bengt O.; Nelson, Ginger – 1992
It has been demonstrated that the individual variation in the level and rate of learning for a cohort of students over time can be estimated by hierarchical linear models. Models of this type can also be estimated using widely available structural modeling software, which provides a flexible framework for model explorations, including the use of…
Descriptors: Cohort Analysis, Computer Software, Elementary Secondary Education, Error of Measurement
