The educational system is characterized by a vector matrix differential equation, and it is shown that the concepts of modern control theory such as observability, controllability, and optimal control can give deeper insight into the behavior of the educational system. The identification of the system dynamics and the definition of a realistic…

A comprehensive introductory book on systems theory and practice in education, this text is designed for introductory graduate-level courses or for self-study. It presents an introduction to a wide variety of subjects, with references for more detailed study of individual topics. The emphasis is split between systems thought and systems…

In its most general sense, a system is a group of components integrated to accomplish a purpose. The heart of an educational system is the instructional system. An instructional system is an integrated set of media, equipment, methods, and personnel performing efficiently those functions required to accomplish one or more learning objectives. An…