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Lazarus, Mitchell – National Elementary Principal, 1975
Examines confusions that result from the use of the words "standardization,""reliability,""objectivity," and "validity" in connection with testing. (IRT)
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Elementary Secondary Education, Objective Tests, Standardized Tests
Hambleton, Ronald K.; Murphy, Edward – 1991
Authentic measurement has become an important topic recently in educational testing. Advocates of authentic measurement feel that objective tests, multiple-choice tests in particular, cannot meet the demands required of today's tests and should be replaced by tests that can be closely matched to instruction and can assess higher-order cognitive…
Descriptors: Cognitive Tests, Comparative Analysis, Elementary Secondary Education, Literature Reviews
Powell, Janet L.; Gillespie, Cindy – 1990
Traditional tests fall into two categories, both of which have several advantages and disadvantages that need to be considered when determining the type of test to use. Constructed-response tests, such as essay tests, ask students to construct their own responses. Thus, students are required not only to recall but to organize and often apply…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Essay Tests, Higher Education, Objective Tests
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Haladyna, Thomas A. – Applied Measurement in Education, 1992
Several multiple-choice item formats are examined in the current climate of test reform. The reform movement is discussed as it affects use of the following formats: (1) complex multiple-choice; (2) alternate choice; (3) true-false; (4) multiple true-false; and (5) the context dependent item set. (SLD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Psychology, Comparative Testing, Context Effect, Educational Change
Neill, Monty – 1997
In this study, FairTest evaluated how well state assessment practices live up to the promise of high standards without standardization. The practices of states were measured against standards derived from the "Principles and Indicators for Student Assessment Systems," a 1995 publication of education and civil rights groups working…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Decision Making, Educational Assessment, Educational Change
Neill, Monty – 1997
FairTest evaluated how well state assessment practices live up to the promise of high standards without standardization. The practices of states were measured against standards derived from the "Principles and Indicators for Student Assessment Systems," a 1995 publication of education and civil rights groups working through the National…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Decision Making, Educational Assessment, Educational Change
Luijten, Anton J. M., Ed. – 1991
This collection of 18 papers (selected from a total of 57 presented at a conference of the International Association for Educational Assessment) represents efforts by examining bodies and institutes to: improve the examination system and testing techniques; develop reliable instruments; and establish standards for public examinations. The papers…
Descriptors: Educational Assessment, Educational Change, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education
Greene, Jennifer E. – 1978
This paper reports an investigation of inferencing in Form Five of the Reading Comprehension component of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills. The first step in the investigation consisted of an analysis of the language of the test to determine how the inferencing strategies employed might serve to mask answers. This preliminary analysis suggested that…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Educational Research, Elementary Secondary Education, Error Analysis (Language)
Bikson, Tora K. – 1977
It is the author's thesis that children's intellectual rights are denied in U.S. public education because creativity and self-motivated inquiry are discouraged. As a result of standardized testing, learning tends to be defined in terms of the retention of specific facts. Higher cognitive processes such as abstract reasoning, problem solving, and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Compensatory Education, Disadvantaged Youth, Educational Problems
Varnhagen, Stanley; Calder, Peter W. – 1985
The Microcomputer Diagnostic Testing Project (MDTP) was designed to broaden the use of microcomputers in student testing, for elementary and secondary school use, and for a variety of test item formats. MDTP was designed to administer tests, to allow teachers to create or revise tests, to print out test forms when desired, to score tests, to…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Computer Software, Educational Testing, Elementary Secondary Education
Gronlund, Norman E. – 1998
This book is a practical guide for assessing the intended learning outcomes of classroom instruction. It is based on the premise that assessment of student achievement plays a vital role in instruction and that the main goal of assessment is to improve learning. The new title of this sixth edition reflects a shift from major concern with classroom…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Educational Assessment, Educational Testing
Antes, Richard L. – 1989
Suggestions for students, parents, and teachers on how to prepare students to take standardized tests are presented. The value of deliberate efforts to teach students test-taking skills is supported by research. Activities to prepare students include the following: (1) teachers should develop some of their tests and worksheets in formats similar…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Classroom Environment, Classroom Techniques
Green, Kinsey B. – 1979
This individualized learning package on test item construction as a component of evaluation is designed for the undergraduate student in teacher education programs. The hierarchy of learning levels on which the package rests is that of B. Bloom's (1956) taxonomy of learning. The premises are that higher order learning is significant and desirable…
Descriptors: Cognitive Tests, Elementary School Teachers, Elementary Secondary Education, Essay Tests
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Ebel, Robert L. – 1977
In a discussion of the value of standardized tests and their implications for effective teaching, the author contends that such tests are useful in keeping those concerned with the learning process focused on the main target. In addition, standardized tests serve to (1) reveal variations in the effectiveness of different instructional procedures…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Alternative Assessment, Criterion Referenced Tests