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Allen, Rick; Franklin, John – Curriculum Update, 2002
This brief presents two articles. The first discusses ways that schools are working to strengthen language learning for English language learners (ELLs), noting that as the population of ELLs is growing, school districts are scrambling for resources and trying to find the best ways to place and educate such students. Despite limited resources,…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Family Literacy, High Stakes Tests
Glenn, Charles L. – Principal, 2002
Compares bilingual education in the United States with language immersion in Europe. Concludes that two-way bilingual education, combining elements of both bilingual and language immersion, may be the best approach for teaching English to immigrant students. Two-way bilingual classes combine English-speaking students with an equal number of…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, Immigrants, Two Way Immersion Programs

Howard, Elizabeth R. – Educational Leadership, 2002
Describes the use of two-way immersion education to provide students with opportunities to understand and appreciate other countries and cultures. The main features of two-way immersion education are bilingual language instruction, cross-cultural understanding, and international exchanges. Includes case study of two-way immersion at the Alicia…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Global Education, International Educational Exchange, Two Way Immersion Programs

Montague, Nicole S. – Bilingual Research Journal, 1997
Examines the benefits of dual-language (two-way) bilingual education programs. Discusses critical components in the development of such programs: defining the optimal program model, gradual phase-in of the program, importance of a balanced population of minority and majority language speakers, materials, teacher training, administrative support,…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Educational Strategies, Elementary Secondary Education
Christian, Donna; Whitcher, Anna – 1995
This is an updated and revised edition of the directory produced in 1992, and the supplements of 1993 and 1994, on two-way bilingual programs that integrate language minority and language majority students, providing instruction in and through the two languages in Grades pre-K-12. Languages involved include Arabic, Cantonese, Chinese, French,…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Program Descriptions, Program Implementation
Crandall, Margaret – American School Board Journal, 1998
Describes the instructional strategies used by teachers in two-way bilingual immersion programs. Also describes benefits of the programs. Sidebars include guidelines to implement an effective two-way bilingual immersion program and a discussion of English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) programs. (LMI)
Descriptors: Bilingual Students, Curriculum Design, Elementary Secondary Education, Instructional Effectiveness

Christian, Donna; Howard, Elizabeth R.; Loeb, Michael I. – Theory into Practice, 2000
Discusses why, where, and when two-way immersion programs were created; how they are being implemented (student population, program features, teachers, and instructional features); and what effects they are having, noting some of the issues that are emerging as this model gains popularity (e.g., minority languages other than Spanish, preserving…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Diversity (Student), Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)
Howard, Elizabeth R.; Olague, Natalie; Rogers, David – 2003
This guide offers a framework to facilitate the planning process for dual language programs, assuming at least a basic working knowledge of the central characteristics and essential features of dual language models. It provides an overview of the various models that serve linguistically diverse student populations, defining the term dual language…
Descriptors: Diversity (Student), Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Limited English Speaking

Reyes, Sharon Adelman – Mid-Western Educational Researcher, 2001
Examines essential components of quality two-way bilingual immersion programs. Discusses language acquisition research underlying context-embedded content-area instruction in a second language; research on the benefits of bilingualism in terms of academic, cognitive, and metalinguistic development; and the link between bilingualism and positive…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bilingualism, Cultural Pluralism, Educational Research
Lindholm-Leary, Kathryn J.; Borsato, Graciela – 2002
This digest reports on a study that examined the impact of participation in a two-way immersion program on the language and achievement outcomes of former program participants and on their current schooling path and college plans. The study explored outcomes for three groups of students: (1) Hispanic students who began the two-way program as…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bilingualism, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)
de Jong, Ester Johanna – 1996
A study in five schools investigated issues in the integration of language-minority students from bilingual education classes and native English-speaking students in academic subject area classes. Participating teachers, six grade-level teachers and six bilingual teachers, the latter selected for their experience with transitional bilingual…
Descriptors: Classroom Environment, Educational Environment, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)
Cazabon, Mary T.; Nicoladis, Elena; Lambert, Wallace E. – 1998
The design and effectiveness of the Amigos program, a two-way Spanish-English bilingual immersion program in Cambridge (Massachusetts) are described. In the program, half the instruction is in English, half in Spanish from kindergarten through eighth grade. Half the students are native Spanish-speakers and half are native English-speakers. The…
Descriptors: Case Studies, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Mathematics Instruction

Graham, C. Ray; Brown, Cheryl – Bilingual Research Journal, 1996
In a small Mexican town with a sizeable English-speaking population and bilingual schools, some native Spanish speakers develop native-like proficiency in English. Interviews found that the only Spanish speakers acquiring much English attended bilingual schools and frequently had close friendships with native English speakers and favorable…
Descriptors: Acculturation, Bilingual Schools, Bilingualism, Elementary Secondary Education

Christian, Donna – Modern Language Journal, 1996
Depicts the state of two-way immersion programs in the United States. Data indicate that these programs educate nonnative- English-speaking students, expand the nation's language resources by conserving the native-language skills of minority students and developing second-language skills in English-speaking students, and enhance crosscultural…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Child Language, Cultural Awareness, Educational Objectives
Howard, Elizabeth R.; Loeb, Michael I. – 1998
The last several years have seen a dramatic increase in the popularity of two-way immersion (TWI) programs around the country. These programs integrate native English speakers and language-minority students for academic instruction and aim to promote bilingual proficiency, high academic achievement, and cross-cultural awareness. The expanded…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Interviews, Language Minorities
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