Uses the 1973 and 1977 Quality of Employment Surveys to test the assumption that women expend less effort in the workplace because of family and household responsibilities. Concludes that, on average, women allocate more effort to work than do men despite their greater household responsibilities. (Author/GEA)

Major hypothesis tested is that significant changes have occurred since 1940 in the effects of the factors influencing working by wives. The research supports this hypothesis for the early stages of marriage and child bearing only. (Author/AM)

The distribution of family incomes is now slightly more equal than the distribution of husbands' earnings. Movements toward equal opportunity for women are likely to have only a small effect on family income inequality. In a world with no differences by sex in work behavior, we could expect that the work experience of women and men and the…

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of women between 1967 and 1971, the author concludes that tax increases have a negative effect on the labor supply of married working women. Among the factors examined were presence of preschool children, husband's approval, home ownership, health, and educational background. (MF)

Investigation centered on patterns and determinants of labor market participation for women living within the economic boundaries of standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs) and those relatively isolated from urban centers. Significant differences were noted. Determinants noted included husband's attitude, marital status, and respondent's…

The changing role of Japanese women can be seen in the stages of a domestic labor debate which occurred at three different times in the past 30 years. The first debate began with Ayako Ishigaki's (1955) insistence that women should have a job outside the home. Wartime production helped break down traditional divisions of labor by encouraging women…

This first report of the Women's Bureau Careers Centre of the Ontario Department of Labour provides statistical data on the personal and social characteristics of the women who came to them as clients (women who wished to return to work), and discusses these clients and the Centre's program for them. Sections of the report are devoted to reasons…

This paper examines several recent demographic trends that furnish insights into changing views of women's roles and family arrangements among young people: (1) The rising proportion of women (especially wives with young children) in the labor force, (2) their increasing representation in traditionally "male" occupations, (3) later age at first…

Based on data from a 1960 Census Bureau report, Employment Status and Work Experience, the study provides a detailed analysis of the employment patterns and earnings of working wives in the United States. One major objective of the study was to examine labor force activity of wives as it was influenced by the composition of their families…

This report deals primarily with the literature involving mid-career changes within the paid labor force. Changes from unpaid to paid employment and the career shift of the housewife who joins or rejoins the labor force are considered, but shifts to unpaid work, volunteer jobs, and early retirement without a second career are not included. The…

Since the 1960s the number of Danish wives going out to work has increased. In 1975, a national survey was conducted to elucidate farmers' wives' work performance in their homes and on and outside the farm. Only women under the age of 60 who were married to self-employed farmers with holdings of more than 5 hectares (1 hectare = 2.47 acres) were…

This 1980 report describes the present status of Alaskan women in the labor force. Extensive use is made of results of the 1976 Survey of Income and Education, an expanded version of the ongoing population survey conducted by the United States Bureau of Census. These topics are covered: demography of Alaskan women, race, age, families, labor force…

This handbook is a summary of research that was a follow-up to a comprehensive study of women and employment conducted in 1987. In that study, a statewide sample of working women in Missouri was asked about problems ("barriers") they had experienced in relation to work. The data were analyzed in terms of women reporting the most severe…

Women are at a disadvantage under both Social Security and private employee pension plans because the retirement systems were set up at a time when most women were non-working spouses of employed men, a condition that no longer exists. Today women workers, divorcees, and widows of retirees often find themselves with inadequate retirement benefits…

Fifty-four percent of all midlife and older American women are in the work force. Like their younger counterparts, most older women work in nonprofessional occupations. Regardless of their age, working women earn less than men. Sixty-five percent of working women aged 45 to 64 are married; 30 percent are widowed, divorced, or separated; and 5…