Japan's employment model has been that of "lifetime employment," especially for male college-educated workers. Under such a system, an individual becomes employed by a firm upon graduation and remains in its employ until retirement. (Author/SSH)

Discusses the increase of women in the labor force; the role of divorce, the women's movement, and marriage at a later age; older women in the work force; economic factors; the kinds of jobs women hold and the earnings they receive; and the implications for vocational education. (CT)

Recent college graduates in technical fields are faring worst in the job market, with sharp declines in job offers and some decreases in salaries, but humanities students are doing significantly better, especially in merchandising and services. Generally, 1987 starting salaries are two percent to six percent above 1986. (MSE)

Drawing on data from a survey of 1980 British college graduates, describing graduates' employment experiences six years after graduation, various institutional performance indicators concerning students' career prospects are evaluated. It is concluded that the First Destination Record of entry-level employment has only partial validity. (MSE)

A study examined the long-term effects of three training projects sponsored by the Employment Training Panel that were established in California in 1983. The three projects, which were all designed to prepare participants for entry-level jobs, were implemented in 1983-1984, with placements into new jobs generally occurring in early- to mid-1984.…

A study of employment patterns and starting salary gaps among male and female business graduates during the 1980s found that while both employment conditions and earnings improved for women, the gender gap in starting salaries increased during the decade. Of college-acquired student characteristics, only academic achievement persisted as a…

A study examined whether point of entry into the work force affects earnings growth and employment stability. The Pennsylvania Regional Economic and Social Information data set (a 5% sample of workers whose wages were reported to the state's unemployment insurance program in 1969-1991) served as the study population. Analyses of the earnings…

The early work experiences of graduates of Michigan State University's engineering program who did and did not participate in the university's cooperative education program were compared. A two-part survey that covered work experiences during college, skill development in undergraduate programs, career evaluation and outlook, demographic…

Data from the 1980 Sophomore Cohort of the High School and Beyond (HS&B) study were used to examine the stability of the first employment experiences of high school diploma, associate's degree, and Bachelor's degree recipients. Approximately 51% of the original HS&B sophomore cohort were included in the study. Data used in the study were…

The potential effects of raising the minimum wage on the earnings of mothers moving from welfare to work were examined by analyzing the differences that existed in the late 1980s in the various states' minimum wage rates and data from three waves of the Survey of Income and Program Participation for the years 1985-1990 (during which time 13 states…

The effects of fatherlessness on children's educational attainment and entry-level wages were examined through a method-of-moments analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), a national panel study of 12,686 youths who were aged 14-22 in 1979. Two special features of the NLSY were used: its subsample of siblings and its…

A study examined the school and labor market experiences of students who either are in or have participated in vocational education programs. To formulate their conclusions, the researchers involved in the study analyzed a subset of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Labor Market Experience--Youth Cohort. These data indicate that…

A study analyzed the extent to which escape from or entry into low-wage status among adult workers is associated with changes in employers and their characteristics. The research used a database that consisted of quarterly establishment records of the employment earnings of almost all individuals (11,207,031) who worked in Illinois from the first…

Student outcomes at Australia's technical and further education (TAFE) institutes were compared to those at Australian universities. The study was based on data from a survey completed by 39,426 individuals who had graduated from TAFE courses in 2000 and a survey of the more than 150,000 individuals who graduated from an Australian university in…

Of the 400,000 graduates in the United Kingdom in 1998, more than 200,000 had first degrees and the others had undergraduate or postgraduate qualifications. More than one in three graduates had already undertaken paid work while still in school (primarily in the service sector). The demand for graduates among the traditional recruiters and reports…