Two picture naming experiments show that compound word production in Mandarin Chinese and in English is determined by the compound's whole-word frequency, and not by its constituent morpheme frequency. Four control experiments rule out that these results are caused by recognition or articulatory processes. These results are consistent with models…

Assessed encoding of suffixed words (both derivations and inflections) by monitoring eye movements during reading English sentences in which target words were embedded. Whole-word frequency and root frequency were independently manipulated, where pairs of words differing on one variable and matched on the other were inserted into the same sentence…

Elicited acceptability ratings from native-English-speaking adults for regular and irregular past tense forms and their stems, in sentence contexts, analyzing them for frequency and phonological neighborhood effects. Results indicate that irregular past tenses are retrieved from associative memory, whereas regular past tenses are produced by a…